Chapter 3

Question 1

Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process. Transported substances either bind to protein carriers in the membrane or move through water filled protein channels.

What are these 2 types of facilitated diffusion called.

Answer 1

Carrier mediated

Channel mediated

Question 2

What is osmosis

Answer 2

Osmosis is a type of diffusion that occurs when water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 3

What’s Somatic pressure

Answer 3

The ability of osmosis to create enough pressure to raise the volume of water.

Question 4

What are channels

Answer 4

Channels are Transmembrane proteins that move ions, water and other substances through aqueous channels from one side of the membrane to another.

Gated channels are opened/closed by chemical or electrical signals.

Leakage channels are always open

Question 5

What is osmolarity?

Answer 5

The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution.

Question 6

Hydrostatic pressure pushes water out

Answer 6

Osmotic pressure pulls water in?

Question 7

Any solution with the same somatic pressure as body fluids is called

Answer 7

Isotonic

Question 8

Any fluid with higher somatic pressure than body fluids is called

Answer 8

Hypertonic

This solution is higher concentration of non penetrating solutes than the cell

Cells that receive hypertonic. Solutions crenate(shrink)

Question 9

Any solution with a lower concentration on non penetrating solutes, than cells

Answer 9

Hypotonic

Cells receivinga hypotonic solution swells and eventually burst.

Question 10

The movement of particles through membranes from regions of lower concentration to regions go higher concentration.

Answer 10

Active transport.

Energy is required this energy comes from cellular metabolism

Molecule known as ATP

Question 11

Primary active transport- energy comes from ATP.

Secondary active transport-uses energy stored in ionic gradients. Coupled system that moves more than one substance at a time. What are the 2 sub forms

Answer 11

Symport system - 2 substances are transported the same direction.

Antiport system - they cross the membrane in opposite directions.

Question 12

Function of cell membrane

Answer 12

Controls movement into and out cell.

Selective communication between intracellular + extracellular compartments whilst aiding movement.

Question 13

Structure of cell membrane

Answer 13

Thin and delicate
Tiny folds increase surface area

Selective permeability (certain substances in and out)

Lipids + proteins make up cell membrane.

Question 14

What process requires proteins to assist them through the lipid bilateral of the cell membrane

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

———— refers to a solutions ability to change the shape or tone of cells by altering their internal water volume.

Answer 15

Tonicity

Question 16

Filtration

Answer 16

Forces molecules through membranes and is commonly used to separate solids from water.

Question 17

Any solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluid is called —xxx-x—-

Answer 17

Isotonic

Question 18

Any solution with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids is called -xx-

Answer 18

Hypertonic

Question 19

The movement of molecules of any substance so they spread put evenly into available space.

Answer 19

Definition of diffusion

Question 20

Dissolving agent of what the solute is in

Answer 20

Solvent (ussually water)

Solute ( substance inside)

Question 21

Diffusion of polar molecules or ions (solutes) by a protein transporter

Answer 21

Facilitated diffusion.