Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define anatomy
Anatomy is the study of body parts and how they are organised.
Define physiology
Physiology is the study of how body parts work.
The study of large body structures that can be seen without a microscope.
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy
All structures in a certain body region are examined at the same time.
Regional anatomy
When each body system is examined.
Systemic anatomy
The examination of internal structures related to overlying skin surfaces.
Surface anatomy
The study of small body structures that require a microscope to be seen.
Microscopic anatomy
A subdivision of microscopic anatomy that focuses on body cells.
Cytology
A subdivision of microscopic anatomy that focuses on body tissues
Histology
The study of structural changes in anatomy throughout the life span.
Developmental anatomy
A subdivision of developmental anatomy that focuses on developmental changes occurring before birth.
Embryology
What system includes;
Skin, hair, nails, sebaceous(oil) glands, and sweat glands.
Assist to regulate body temperature, contain various sensory receptors, and manufacture vit D.
Integumentary system
This system supports and protects the soft tissues of the body and helps the body to move. Consists of bones, which are bound together by ligaments and cartilages.
Skeletal system
This system works with the skeletal system in helping the body move. Body parts are moved by muscle contraction. This system maintains body heat and posture. This system includes the tendons.
Muscular system.
This system and the endocrine system control and coordinate various organ functions, helping to maintain homeostasis.
This system consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs.
Nervous system
This system consists of hormone secreting glands. Hormones affect target cells, altering their metabolism. The organs in this system include: hypothalamus, pituitary glands, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus, ovaries and testes.
Endocrine system
The lymphatic system is composed of?
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and lymph fluid.
What system transports tissue fluid back to the blood stream.
Carries specific fats from the digestive organs into the bloodstream.
Defends against infection
Lymphatic system
Structures of the respiratory system
Nose, nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
This system removes waste fluid from the body.
And what does it consist of?
The urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Women’s reproductive system includes?
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, Virginia, clitoris and vulva.
Directional terms
A body part is below another body part or is located toward the feet.
Eg the neck is ————- to the head.
Inferior
Directional terms
A body part is above another body part or is located towards the head.
Eg the thoracic cavity is ———— to the abdominopelvic cavity.
Superior
Directional terms
Toward the front.
Eg the eyes are ———— to the brain.
Anterior
Directional terms
Toward the back
Eg the pharynx is ———- to the mouth.
Posterior
Directional terms
Towards the side as related to the midline of the body.
E.g the ears are ——— to the eyes.
Lateral
Directional terms
Refers to paired structures with one each side of the body.
Eg the lungs are ————-.
Bilateral
Directional terms
Refers to structures on the opposite side.
Eg right leg injured, pt may have to put most of his weight on his ————- leg instead of using both.
Contrlateral
Directional terms
Refers to structures on the same side
Eg the right kidney and right lung are —————-
Ipsilateral
Directional terms
Refers to an imaginary midline that divides the body into left and right halves.
Eg the nose is ———- (closer to the body’s midline) to the eyes.
Medial
Directional terms
A body part is further from the point of attachment to the trunk than another.
Eg the fingers are ——- to the wrist
Distal
Directional terms
A body part is closer to the point of attachment to the trunk than another part.
Eg the elbow is ———- to the wrist.
Proximal
Directional terms
A body part Is more internal than another
The dermis is the ———- layer of the skin
Deep
Directional terms
A body part is more external than another part.
Eg the epidermis is the superficial layer of skin.
Superficial
Anatomic planes
A plan dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Coronal (Frontal) plane
Anatomic plane
A plane dividing the body lengthwise into right and left portions.
Sagittal
Anatomic planes
Divides the body into planes lateral to the midline
Parasagittal
Anatomic planes
A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Transverse (horizontal)
The dorsal and central cavities, like all body parts are lined by serous fluid composed of what 2 layers.
Parietal membrane (outer)
Serous fluid between layers to reduce friction.
Visceral membrane (inner)
The organs within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Viscera
The lungs are lined with?
Covered by?
Name the space in between?
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity
What membranes line the abdominopelvic cavity?
Peritoneal membranes
Parietal peritoneum (walls) Potential space( peritoneal cavity) Visceral peritoneum (covering organ)
Inside the peritoneum
Intraperitoneal
Behind the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
