Chapter 3

Question 1

extradition clause

Answer 1

An accused person who flees to another state must be returned to the state in which he/she allegedly committed the crime.

Question 2

federal system

Answer 2

System of government in which powers are divided between the national government and state or local governments.

Question 3

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 3

often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.

Question 4

full faith and credit clause

Answer 4

addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

Question 5

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 5

a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Question 6

Great Society

Answer 6

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

Question 7

Herbert Hoover

Answer 7

an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 8

implied powers

Answer 8

powers of U.S. government which have not been explicitly granted by the Constitution but that is implied by the necessary and proper clause to be delegated for the purpose of carrying out the enumerated powers.

Question 9

interstate compact

Answer 9

An agreement among two or more states. Congress must approve most such agreements.

Question 10

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 10

an alliance of five, later six, American Indian tribes—the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora—located in modern-day New York state.

Question 11

John C. Calhoun

Answer 11

served under John Quincy Adams and continued under Andrew Jackson, who defeated Adams in the election of 1828.

Question 12

John Marshall

Answer 12

an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court.

Question 13

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 13

an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

Question 14

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 14

a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.

Question 15

monarchy

Answer 15

a form of government in which ruling power is in the hands of one person

Question 16

municipalization

Answer 16

the transfer of corporations or other assets to municipal ownership. The transfer may be from private ownership (usually by purchase) or from other levels of government.

Question 17

New Deal

Answer 17

a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by liberal Democrats led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1936.

Question 18

New Federalism

Answer 18

an attempt in the 70’s and 80’s to restore some powers to the states from the Government.

Question 19

nullification

Answer 19

To reject a federal law at the state level. It was used to safe-guard slavery in the southern states, including South Carolina.

Question 20

oligarchy

Answer 20

a political system governed by a few people

Question 21

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 21

A constitutional clause which is designed to prevent states from discriminating against out of state citizens on matters of fundamental or essential rights and activities

Question 22

programmatic requests

Answer 22

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district

Question 23

progressive federalism

Answer 23

Movement that gives state officials significant leeway in acting on issues normally considered national in scope, such as the environment and consumer protection

Question 24

Reconstruction

Answer 24

process of reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War

Question 25

reserved powers

Answer 25

State Powers, which include: Regulate trade within the state, establish local government systems, conduct elections, establish public school systems

Question 26

Roger B. Taney

Answer 26

the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

Question 27

Ronald Reagan

Answer 27

an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

Question 28

secession

Answer 28

the withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War.

Question 29

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 29

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

Question 30

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 30

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

Question 31

special district

Answer 31

Unit of local government created to perform specific functions. E.g., soil and water conservation districts work to prevent soil erosion and preserve water resources.

Question 32

Tenth Amendment

Answer 32

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Question 33

totalitarianism

Answer 33

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state

Question 34

unitary system

Answer 34

A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

Question 35

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 35

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the U.S. in the time of the Civil War.

Question 36

Andrew Johnson

Answer 36

A democrat, he was the VP under Republican Lincoln (Lincoln chose him for that reason) He promised to Punish the South after Lincoln died.

Question 37

Barrack Obama

Answer 37

The 44th president of the United States (2009-2017). He previously served in the Senate, representing Illinois (2004-2008). He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in diplomacy in 2009, and his work to expand health insurance coverage led to the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010.

Question 38

Barron v. Baltimore

Answer 38

the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution’s Bill of Rights restricts only the powers of the federal government and not those of the state governments.

Question 39

bill of attainder

Answer 39

an act of legislature finding a person guilty without trial

Question 40

block grant

Answer 40

a grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services.

Question 41

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 41

an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.

Question 42

categorical grants

Answer 42

federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or “categories,” of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.

Question 43

Civil War

Answer 43

The war that divides America in the 1860s. A war between citizens of the same country.

Question 44

charter

Answer 44

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

Question 45

Concurrent Powers

Answer 45

powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments

Question 46

Confederate States of America

Answer 46

A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States

Question 47

confederation

Answer 47

An alliance of independent states in which most authority is retained at the local or state level and very little is given to a central power

Question 48

cooperative federalism

Answer 48

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government

Question 49

counties

Answer 49

normally the largest territorial and political subdivision of a state

Question 50

democracy

Answer 50

a system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

Question 51

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 51

a rule that limits the powers of local gov’t to those expressly granted by the state or those powers closely linked to the express powers

Question 52

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

Answer 52

1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

Question 53

dual federalism

Answer 53

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

Question 54

enumerated powers

Answer 54

specific powers granted to congress under Article I, section 8, of the constitution; these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authority to provide for a national defense.

Question 55

ex post facto law

Answer 55

“after the fact.” An ex post facto law is one which makes a particular act illegal, and punishes people who committed that crime before the law was passed, i.e., when the act was legal. (denied to state/national)