Chapter 3

Question 1

_____ psychology examines growth and change in physical, cognitive, and social areas across the life span.

Answer 1

developmental

Question 2

_____ is the study of how the environment can cause genes to be either active or inactive.

Answer 2

Epigenetics

Question 3

Kohlberg is to Erikson as _____ development is to _____ development.

Answer 3

moral; psychosocial

Question 4

Genes make up _____, which in turn make(s) up _____.

Answer 4

DNA; chromosomes

Question 5

Dr. Towne believes that genetics are primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that experiences are primarily responsible for personality traits. The two psychologists are on different sides of the _____ debate.

Answer 5

nature and nurture

Question 6

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the _____ reflex; it helps an infant to _____.

Answer 6

rooting; obtain food

Question 7

Danielle is consulting her college’s course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, “This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains.” This course is MOST likely titled:

Answer 7

Developmental Psychology

Question 8

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Answer 8

developmental

Question 9

What do developmental psychologists seek to understand?

Answer 9

growth and change across the lifespan

Question 10

Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in change and growth across the lifespan. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology MOST strongly.

Answer 10

developmental

Question 11

According to Jean Piaget, during the _____ stage of cognitive development, abstract logic and the potential for mature moral reasoning are formed.

Answer 11

formal operational

Question 12

Approximately _____% of infants are securely attached to a parent.

Answer 12

60

Question 13

During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.

Answer 13

preoperational

Question 14

In one study described in the textbook, infants with difficult temperaments were randomly assigned to either a condition in which their mothers received sensitivity training or a condition in which their mothers received no training. In this study, infants whose mothers received sensitivity training were in the _____ group.

Answer 14

experimental

Question 15

The topic of maturation is MOST likely to arise in a conversation concerning _____ development.

Answer 15

biological

Question 16

Based on Harlow’s research with monkeys, what is the MOST helpful thing a person can do for a frightened infant or child?

Answer 16

touch or hold her

Question 17

Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps?

Answer 17

within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on or nearly on the same day.

Question 18

A game of peak-a-boo with his dad excites William during the first 6 months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks _____.

Answer 18

object permanence

Question 19

Shelly’s brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in another cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly’s development of:

Answer 19

theory of mind.

Question 20

Yun Hee lives in New York and is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1-year-old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee’s family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried?

Answer 20

No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday.

Question 21

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto’s mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy, because he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:

Answer 21

conservation

Question 22

During adolescence, most individuals achieve Jean Piaget’s _____ stage of cognitive development.

Answer 22

formal operational

Question 23

When a woman stops ovulating and becomes incapable of reproduction, she experiences:

Answer 23

menopause

Question 24

What marks the beginning of adolescence?

Answer 24

physical signs of sexual maturation

Question 25

Bernice is 62. She is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.

Answer 25

middle

Question 26

Preconventional moral reasoning is to conventional moral reasoning as _____ is to _____.

Answer 26

self-interest; social relationships

Question 27

A 49-year-old female is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.

Answer 27

middle

Question 28

Mike is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Mike is in the stage of development called:

Answer 28

integrity vs. despair

Question 29

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing:

Answer 29

role confusion

Question 30

Jarrell thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrell demonstrates a _____ morality.

Answer 30

preconventional

Question 31

Jeremy is 16-years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors Jeremy wears. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

Answer 31

identity vs. role confusion.

Question 32

Faruq believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ______ morality.

Answer 32

postconventional

Question 33

Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believed that it is fundamentally wrong to take human life. He was willing to serve time in jail, rather than take part in an armed conflict. Jack’s reasons for not going to war reflect Kohlberg’s _____ level of moral reasoning.

Answer 33

postconventional