Chapter 3 Flashcards
_____ psychology examines growth and change in physical, cognitive, and social areas across the life span.
developmental
_____ is the study of how the environment can cause genes to be either active or inactive.
Epigenetics
Kohlberg is to Erikson as _____ development is to _____ development.
moral; psychosocial
Genes make up _____, which in turn make(s) up _____.
DNA; chromosomes
Dr. Towne believes that genetics are primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that experiences are primarily responsible for personality traits. The two psychologists are on different sides of the _____ debate.
nature and nurture
Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the _____ reflex; it helps an infant to _____.
rooting; obtain food
Danielle is consulting her college’s course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, “This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains.” This course is MOST likely titled:
Developmental Psychology
Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.
developmental
What do developmental psychologists seek to understand?
growth and change across the lifespan
Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in change and growth across the lifespan. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology MOST strongly.
developmental
According to Jean Piaget, during the _____ stage of cognitive development, abstract logic and the potential for mature moral reasoning are formed.
formal operational
Approximately _____% of infants are securely attached to a parent.
60
During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
preoperational
In one study described in the textbook, infants with difficult temperaments were randomly assigned to either a condition in which their mothers received sensitivity training or a condition in which their mothers received no training. In this study, infants whose mothers received sensitivity training were in the _____ group.
experimental
The topic of maturation is MOST likely to arise in a conversation concerning _____ development.
biological
Based on Harlow’s research with monkeys, what is the MOST helpful thing a person can do for a frightened infant or child?
touch or hold her
Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps?
within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on or nearly on the same day.
A game of peak-a-boo with his dad excites William during the first 6 months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks _____.
object permanence
Shelly’s brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in another cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly’s development of:
theory of mind.
Yun Hee lives in New York and is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1-year-old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee’s family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried?
No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the U.S. are walking within a week after their first birthday.
Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto’s mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy, because he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:
conservation
During adolescence, most individuals achieve Jean Piaget’s _____ stage of cognitive development.
formal operational
When a woman stops ovulating and becomes incapable of reproduction, she experiences:
menopause
What marks the beginning of adolescence?
physical signs of sexual maturation
Bernice is 62. She is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.
middle
Preconventional moral reasoning is to conventional moral reasoning as _____ is to _____.
self-interest; social relationships
A 49-year-old female is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.
middle
Mike is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Mike is in the stage of development called:
integrity vs. despair
Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing:
role confusion
Jarrell thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrell demonstrates a _____ morality.
preconventional
Jeremy is 16-years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors Jeremy wears. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called:
identity vs. role confusion.
Faruq believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ______ morality.
postconventional
Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believed that it is fundamentally wrong to take human life. He was willing to serve time in jail, rather than take part in an armed conflict. Jack’s reasons for not going to war reflect Kohlberg’s _____ level of moral reasoning.
postconventional
