Chapter 2 - The Biology of Mind and Consequences Flashcards
_____ psychologists study the links between genetic, neural, and hormonal processes and psychological processes.
Biological
The _____ division of the peripheral nervous system controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles
somatic
Endocrine glands that play an important role in helping us respond to stress are the _____ glands.
adrenal
z
The term “cognitive neuroscience” refers to the study of the connection between the brain and mental processes; whereas the term “biological psychology” refers to the study of the links between genetic, neural, and hormonal processes on the one hand, and psychological processes on the other.
Which muscles are controlled by the somatic nervous system?
skeletal muscles, such as muscles of the arm and hand
The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine _____ blood pressure and _____ blood sugar levels.
raises; raises
Oversupply of _____ can lead to migraines or seizures.
glutamate
Dr. Spanos is interested in studying how the approximately 400 trillion synapses of an adult brain are organized into an information-processing system. Which topic should he consider for his study?
neural networks
A brief writing assignment asks Norm to explain how hormones influence lives, using specific areas of behavior as examples. Which area of behavior is Norm LEAST likely to address in his assignment?
problem solving
Parkinson’s disease is caused by having too little:
dopamine
Arden’s heart rate and respiration are slowing, and her digestion is facilitated. Her _____ nervous system has become active.
parasympathetic
The feedback system involving the intimate connection of the nervous and endocrine systems begins with the _____ and ends with the _____.
brain; body and brain.
The BEST example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter is:
GABA
People who engage in extreme sports often do so to feel the rush of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This hormone rush comes from the _____ glands.
adrenal
Alison has developed an interest in how the brain controls the body’s voluntary action. You suggest that she become a(n) _____ psychologist.
Biological
Leiko is paralyzed below the waist following an accident. Though her genitals do not respond to erotic images, she does experience an increase in vaginal lubrication in response to genital stimulation. Leiko has MOST clearly suffered damage to her:
spinal cord.
Janae is digesting her dinner. Her muscles are relaxed and her heart is beating rather slowly. Janae’s _____ nervous system is active.
parasympathetic
Mr. Lopez is prescribed oxycodone to manage chronic lower back pain. Oxycodone is called an opioid because its action resembles that of _____, the brain’s natural painkiller.
endorphins
Ashlynne’s adrenal glands are highly active, releasing hormones. Ashlynne is probably:
stressed
In 1949, researchers found that when they electronically stimulated a cat’s _____, the animal became awake and alert.
reticular formation
Research with split-brain patients led Michael Gazzaniga to conclude that the _____ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.
left cerebral hemisphere
Active neurons require _____, the way a car requires fuel.
glucose
The tactile sensitivity of a body part is _____ related to the amount of somatosensory cortex devoted to processing its sensations.
positively
Brent is taking part in an experiment in a cognitive neuroscience lab. Silently, he reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. The electrical activity of his brain is simultaneously recorded through skull electrodes. The technique used in this study is:
an electroencephalograph (EEG)
Dr. Render is a neuropsychologist who works with postsurgical patients who have had surgery to sever their corpus callosums (to reduce severe seizures). When she presents the word “SAL-TED” to one patient, “SAL” transmits to his left visual field and “TED” to his right visual field. She then asks him to tell her what he saw. What does this patient say?
TED
If a researcher is interested in measuring both the structure and function of the brain, which technique might one recommend?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Dr. Charles is using _____ when she conducts a series of brain scans by using radio waves to briefly disrupt the brain’s activity.
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
A person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses in others following a head injury MOST likely suffered damage to the _____.
amygdala
Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy. Now, however, Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences, although he does remember events in the past. Most likely, the surgery destroyed a portion of the _____ in Darnell’s brain.
hippocampus
A brain tumor has slowly robbed Mr. Schneider of his ability to recognize objects by touch. The tumor is probably centered in his _____ lobe.
parietal
Sleepwalking is MOST likely to be associated with _____ sleep.
NREM-3
Which sleep disorder is MOST likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking?
night terrors
According to the textbook, 1 in _____ drivers admits to chatting online or texting while driving.
4
_____ processing occurs when just one aspect of a stimulus is processed at a time.
sequential
Which term is MOST synonymous with consciousness, as psychologists define it?
Awareness
Your roommate fell asleep about 25 minutes ago. Now you need to wake him so that you both can get to a party on time. He is sleeptalking about his girlfriend’s cat. When you begin laughing, he wakes up. He was in what stage of sleep?
NREM-3
Drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also talking on a cell phone. This BEST illustrates the impact of:
selective attention
Dr. Destri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering would be dangerous or unproductive. Dr. Destri’s views reflect the _____ perspective in psychology.
evolutionary
