Chapter 2 - The Biology of Mind and Consequences

Question 1

_____ psychologists study the links between genetic, neural, and hormonal processes and psychological processes.

Answer 1

Biological

Question 2

The _____ division of the peripheral nervous system controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles

Answer 2

somatic

Question 3

Endocrine glands that play an important role in helping us respond to stress are the _____ glands.

Answer 3

adrenal

Question 4

z

Answer 4

The term “cognitive neuroscience” refers to the study of the connection between the brain and mental processes; whereas the term “biological psychology” refers to the study of the links between genetic, neural, and hormonal processes on the one hand, and psychological processes on the other.

Question 5

Which muscles are controlled by the somatic nervous system?

Answer 5

skeletal muscles, such as muscles of the arm and hand

Question 6

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine _____ blood pressure and _____ blood sugar levels.

Answer 6

raises; raises

Question 7

Oversupply of _____ can lead to migraines or seizures.

Answer 7

glutamate

Question 8

Dr. Spanos is interested in studying how the approximately 400 trillion synapses of an adult brain are organized into an information-processing system. Which topic should he consider for his study?

Answer 8

neural networks

Question 9

A brief writing assignment asks Norm to explain how hormones influence lives, using specific areas of behavior as examples. Which area of behavior is Norm LEAST likely to address in his assignment?

Answer 9

problem solving

Question 10

Parkinson’s disease is caused by having too little:

Answer 10

dopamine

Question 11

Arden’s heart rate and respiration are slowing, and her digestion is facilitated. Her _____ nervous system has become active.

Answer 11

parasympathetic

Question 12

The feedback system involving the intimate connection of the nervous and endocrine systems begins with the _____ and ends with the _____.

Answer 12

brain; body and brain.

Question 13

The BEST example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter is:

Answer 13

GABA

Question 14

People who engage in extreme sports often do so to feel the rush of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This hormone rush comes from the _____ glands.

Answer 14

adrenal

Question 15

Alison has developed an interest in how the brain controls the body’s voluntary action. You suggest that she become a(n) _____ psychologist.

Answer 15

Biological

Question 16

Leiko is paralyzed below the waist following an accident. Though her genitals do not respond to erotic images, she does experience an increase in vaginal lubrication in response to genital stimulation. Leiko has MOST clearly suffered damage to her:

Answer 16

spinal cord.

Question 17

Janae is digesting her dinner. Her muscles are relaxed and her heart is beating rather slowly. Janae’s _____ nervous system is active.

Answer 17

parasympathetic

Question 18

Mr. Lopez is prescribed oxycodone to manage chronic lower back pain. Oxycodone is called an opioid because its action resembles that of _____, the brain’s natural painkiller.

Answer 18

endorphins

Question 19

Ashlynne’s adrenal glands are highly active, releasing hormones. Ashlynne is probably:

Answer 19

stressed

Question 20

In 1949, researchers found that when they electronically stimulated a cat’s _____, the animal became awake and alert.

Answer 20

reticular formation

Question 21

Research with split-brain patients led Michael Gazzaniga to conclude that the _____ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

Answer 21

left cerebral hemisphere

Question 22

Active neurons require _____, the way a car requires fuel.

Answer 22

glucose

Question 23

The tactile sensitivity of a body part is _____ related to the amount of somatosensory cortex devoted to processing its sensations.

Answer 23

positively

Question 24

Brent is taking part in an experiment in a cognitive neuroscience lab. Silently, he reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. The electrical activity of his brain is simultaneously recorded through skull electrodes. The technique used in this study is:

Answer 24

an electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 25

Dr. Render is a neuropsychologist who works with postsurgical patients who have had surgery to sever their corpus callosums (to reduce severe seizures). When she presents the word “SAL-TED” to one patient, “SAL” transmits to his left visual field and “TED” to his right visual field. She then asks him to tell her what he saw. What does this patient say?

Answer 25

TED

Question 26

If a researcher is interested in measuring both the structure and function of the brain, which technique might one recommend?

Answer 26

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 27

Dr. Charles is using _____ when she conducts a series of brain scans by using radio waves to briefly disrupt the brain’s activity.

Answer 27

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 28

A person who has difficulty recognizing emotional responses in others following a head injury MOST likely suffered damage to the _____.

Answer 28

amygdala

Question 29

Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy. Now, however, Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences, although he does remember events in the past. Most likely, the surgery destroyed a portion of the _____ in Darnell’s brain.

Answer 29

hippocampus

Question 30

A brain tumor has slowly robbed Mr. Schneider of his ability to recognize objects by touch. The tumor is probably centered in his _____ lobe.

Answer 30

parietal

Question 31

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to be associated with _____ sleep.

Answer 31

NREM-3

Question 32

Which sleep disorder is MOST likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking?

Answer 32

night terrors

Question 33

According to the textbook, 1 in _____ drivers admits to chatting online or texting while driving.

Answer 33

4

Question 34

_____ processing occurs when just one aspect of a stimulus is processed at a time.

Answer 34

sequential

Question 35

Which term is MOST synonymous with consciousness, as psychologists define it?

Answer 35

Awareness

Question 36

Your roommate fell asleep about 25 minutes ago. Now you need to wake him so that you both can get to a party on time. He is sleeptalking about his girlfriend’s cat. When you begin laughing, he wakes up. He was in what stage of sleep?

Answer 36

NREM-3

Question 37

Drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also talking on a cell phone. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

Answer 37

selective attention

Question 38

Dr. Destri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering would be dangerous or unproductive. Dr. Destri’s views reflect the _____ perspective in psychology.

Answer 38

evolutionary