Chapter 3 Flashcards
Virginia Companyloop
A joint-stock company organized by London investors in 1606 that received a land grant from King James I in order to establish English colonies in North America. Investors hoped to enrich themselves and strengthen England economically and political
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 by colonists sponsored by the Virginia Company.
Algonquian Indians
People who inhabited the coastal plain of present-day Virginia, near the Chesapeake Bay, when English colonists first settled the region.
royal colony
A colony ruled by a king or queen and governed by officials appointed to serve the monarchy and represent its interests.
House of Burgesses
Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony’s male inhabitants. It was established by the Virginia Company and continued by the crown after Virginia was made a royal colony.
indentured servants
Poor immigrants who signed contracts known as indentures, in which they committed to four to seven years of labor in North America in exchange for transportation from England, as well as food and shelter after they arrived in the colony.
headright
Fifty acres of free land granted by the Virginia Company to planters for each indentured servant they purchased.
Navigation Acts
English laws passed in the 1650s and 1660s requiring that English colonial goods be shipped through English ports on English ships in order to benefit English merchants, shippers, and seamen.
Bacon’s Rebellion
An unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial government in 1676, led by frontier settler Nathaniel Bacon, that arose when increased violence between Indians and colonists pushing westward was met with government refusal to protect settlers or allow them to settle Indian lands.
slavery
Coerced labor. African slavery became the most important form of coerced labor in the New World in the seventeenth century.
Pueblo Revolt
An effective revolt of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico, under the leadership of Popé, against the Spaniards in 1680. Particularly targeting symbols of Christianity, they succeeded in killing two-thirds of Spanish missionaries and driving the Spaniards out of New Mexico.
Barbados
Colonized in the 1630s, this island in the English West Indies became an enormous sugar producer and a source of wealth for England. The island’s African slaves quickly became a majority of the island’s population despite the deadliness of their work.
Why did Powhatan behave as he did toward the English colonists? (pp. 53–57)
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Why did the vast majority of European immigrants to the Chesapeake come as indentured servants? (pp. 57–65)
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Why did Chesapeake colonial society become increasingly polarized between 1650 and 1670? (pp. 66–70)
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