Chapter 3

Question 1

Define PEL

Answer 1

Principal Energy level, the valence electrons

Question 2

Why do all elements within a group have similar chemical properties?
What is the exception?

Answer 2

Because they have the same #of valence electrons

He has 2 val e-

Question 3

-whats the most amount of valence electrons an element can have?

Answer 3

8 valence electrons

Question 4

Noble gasses group 18, are usually what, ?

why are they unreactive?

Answer 4

usually very stable (unreactive), because they all have a full valence electron shell

Question 5

how to do a lewis dot diagram?

steps!

Answer 5

step 1: Draw the chemical symbol of the element
ex: Li
use the dots to represent the valence e-

Question 6

Define an ion

Answer 6

A charged particle die to the gain or loss of valence electrons

Question 7

How does Ca form a Ca+ ion?

Answer 7

subtract 2e-

Question 8

Metals tend to form what

Answer 8

metals tend to form + charged ions by losing valence e-

Question 9

How does the size of a cation compare to that of a parent atom?

Answer 9

Cations are smaller than their parent atoms (greater + to - charge ratio)

Question 10

How man val e do group 1 elements have? what kind of atoms do they form?

Answer 10

group 1 elements lose their 1 val e to form 1+ ions

Question 11

how many val e do group 2 elements form? what kin of ions do they form?

Answer 11

group 2 elements lose their 2 val e to form 2 + ions

Question 12

Naming Cations

Answer 12

the metals name is followed by the word ion

Question 13

Na+

Mg2+

Answer 13

sodium ion

Magnesium ion

Question 14

What do you suppose would happen if a Na+ ion and a F- Ion approached eachother?

Answer 14

A force of attraction between two oppositly charged ions

NaF an ionic compound

Question 15

Define Ionic copound

Answer 15

compound that contains ionic bonds

Question 16

Some properties of ionic compounds

Answer 16

• usually crystalline solids

- Once an ionic solid is dissolved in water or melted, the ions can move freely and conduct electricity.

Question 17

Other properties of Ionic compounds

Answer 17

• High melting point, becasue they have strong attractions.
• Not Malluable and will shatter if struck sharply
• Ionic compounds dissolve in wate if the attraction between water and th ions overcomes the attraction of the ions for one another

Question 18

Main group element tend to form only one kind of charge. Ex:

Transition elements form multiple types of ions for example

Answer 18

Group 1 elements have 1 valence electron, they tend to lose the valence electrons to group 17

Fe 2+ =Iron(II)
Fe3+=Iron (III)

Question 19

How to balance binary compounds

Answer 19

use the criss cross method , the more positive symbol is used first

Question 20

what is the emperical formuala?

Answer 20

The simplest form of the atoms

Question 21

Naming ionic compounds

Answer 21

name the cation followed by the anion + the -

Question 22

NaCl
CaF2
Fe2O3

Answer 22

Sodium Chloride
calcium flouride
Iron 3 Oxide

Question 23

Define Acid

Answer 23

A substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water; for example, HCL-> H+ +Cl-

Question 24

Define Base

Answer 24

A substance that providesOH- ions in water for example
NaOH-> Na+ +
OH-