Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of structure and function in the body

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cells are measured in

A

Micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells that have developed specialized characteristics are said to be

A

Differentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

There is no typical cell, but a composite cells shows what

A

Components found in most cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the three major parts of a cell

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell Membrane

A
  • Outer boundary
  • Maintains integrity
  • Consists mainly of lipids and protein with some carbohydrates
  • Selectively Permeable: Regulates entry and exit of substances
  • Signal Transduction: Receive and respond to messages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell Membrane Structure

A
  • Framework is a phospholipid bilayer: Hydrophilic (water soluble heads) and Hydrophobic (water insoluble tails)
  • Cholesterol stabilizes and helps keep impermeable to water soluble substances
  • Membrane proteins: Pores, channels, receptors, cell contact, and identification
  • Carbohydrates: Cell recognition and interaction, self makers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cellular Adhesion Molecules

A
  • Guides cells
  • Provides friction
  • Makes connections with nerve cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • Networks of membranes and organelles in cytosol
  • Cytoplam=Cytosol (fluid) + Organelles (tiny solid structures with specific functions)
  • Cytoskeleton: supporting framework of protein stuff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Ribosome

A
  • Composed of RNA and protein
  • Enzyme activity to link amino acids in protein synthesis
  • Provide structural support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Membrane bound sacs, canals, and vesicles
  • Tubular transport system
  • Rough: Ribosomes, conducts protein synthesis
  • Smooth: Conducts lipid synthesis, NO ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Vesicles

A
  • Membranous sacs

- Store or transport substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Golgi Apparatus

A
  • Sacs own membranous sacs

- Refines, packages, and delivers proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Mitochondria

A
  • Fluid filled membrane sacs
  • House chemical reactions that extract energy from nutrients
  • “Powerhouse of the cell”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Lysosomes

A
  • Small membranous sacs
  • Contain enzymes that digest proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, bacteria, debris, worn out parts
  • “Garbage disposals of cell” and “Suicide sac”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cytoplasmic Organelle: Peroxisomes

A
  • Membranous sacs similar to lysosomes

- Contain enzymes that digest lipids, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cellular Structures: Centrosome

A
  • Central body
  • Consists of 2 centrioles
  • Composed of microtubules
  • Produces spindle fibers during cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cellular Structures: Cilia

A
  • Motile extensions
  • Propel mucus in respiratory tract
  • Propel egg towards uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cellular Structures: Flagella

A
  • Motile extensions
  • Longer than cilia
  • Tail of sperm is the only flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cellular Structures: Filaments

A

Microfilaments: Tiny rods of actin; cellular movement
Microtubules: Tubes; help move organelles; cell shape; cilia, flagella, and centrioles
Intermediate Filaments: Several proteins; cytoskeleton structure; support nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Contains genetic material
  • Controls cell activities
  • “Brain”
22
Q

Cell Nucleus

A
  • Nucleus Envelope: Allow passage of certain substances
  • Nucleolus: RNA and protein; site of ribosome production’
  • Chromatin: Cell’s chromosomes; stores information for protein synthesis
23
Q

Physical (Passive) Processes

A
  • Do not require ATP
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Filtration
24
Q

Physiological (Active) Processes

A
  • Require ATP
  • Active Transport
  • Endocytosis
  • Exocytosis
  • Transcytosis
25
Q

Diffusion

A
  • Movement of atoms, molecules, or ions, from region of higher concentration to lower concentration until evenly dispersed
  • Move by bouncing off of each other
  • Occurs due to constant motion of atoms, molecules, ions.
26
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A
  • Diffusion across the cell membrane through ion channels or transporters
  • Passive process- no ATP required
  • Difference is the channels*
27
Q

Osmosis

A
  • Movement of water across the selectively permeable membrane from region of higher water concentration to lower.
  • Water moves into region with the higher concentration
  • Passive process- no ATP required
28
Q

Ability of osmosis to generate enough pressure to life a volume of water

A

Osmotic Pressure

29
Q

Same osmotic pressure; No net gain or water loss

A

Isotonic solution

30
Q

Higher osmotic pressure; lose water

A

Hypertonic solution

31
Q

Lower osmotic pressure; gain water

A

Hypnotic solution

32
Q

Filtration

A
  • Process that forces molecules through membranes by exerting pressure
  • Separate solids from water, or small particles from large
  • Passive process- no ATP required
33
Q

Active Transport

A
  • Lower concentration-Higher concentration
  • Active process- ATP required
  • Example: NA/K pump
34
Q

Movement of a substance into the cell inside a vesicle

A

Endocytosis

35
Q

Engulfs droplets of liquid

A

Pinocytosis

36
Q

Engulfs soils particles

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

Engulfs specific substances which have bound to receptors proteins on the membrane

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

38
Q

Sac that stores

A

Vesicle

39
Q

Release substances from cell

Example neurotransmitters from nerve cells

A

Exocytosis

40
Q

Quickly transports substance from one end of cell not another(Example HIV)

A

Transcytosis

41
Q

Series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until the time it divides

A

The cell cycle: Interphase-Mitosis-Cytokinesis

42
Q

Interphase

A
  • Active period
  • Cell grows
  • Cell has normal functions
  • Replicates genetic material to prepare for mitosis
  • Synthesizes organelles, membranes, and chemicals
  • Phases: Synthesis-DNA replicates, G1-G2-Other structures replicate and grow
43
Q

Divison of nucleus

A

Mitosis

44
Q

Division of the cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

45
Q

Phases of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

46
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  • Begins during anaphase
  • Continues through telophase
  • Pinches cytoplasm in half
47
Q

What can result form a loss of control over frequency of mitosis

A

Tumors

48
Q

A tumor that remains in local area

A

Benign

49
Q

A tumor that is invasive

A

Maligent

50
Q

Abnormal forms of genes that control cell cycle

A

Oncogenes

51
Q

Normally limit mitosis but if inactivated/removed, cannot regulate anymore

A

Tumor Suppressor Genes

A&P 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions