Chapter 3 Flashcards
Phonetics
Study of speech sounds, their production and acoustic properties, and the written symbols used to represent their production.
Phoneme
Smallest unit of speech that has meaning
Allophone
Variant of a phoneme; do not change the meaning of the word
phonetic transcription
Narrow; in brackets; uses diacritics; marks allophones
Phonemic transcription
Broad; is in virgules; does not depict allophones
Consonants
Phonemes produced by narrowing of the vocal tract
Vowels
Phonemes produced with open vocal tract
Releasing sounds
Sounds in syllable-initial position
Arresting sounds
Sounds in syllable-final position
Stops
/p, b, t, d, k, g/
Production:
Complete closure; built up air pressure; released air resulting in burst of noise;
Duration:
Short
Fricatives
/s, z, f, v, th, sh, zh, ch, dj/
Production:
Air forced through narrow channel
Affricates
/ch, dj/
Production:
Quick release of an obstructed airstream
Nasal
/m, n, ng/
Production:
Closed oral tract and open velopharyngeal port
Glides
/w, j/
Production:
Constricted cavity, gliding motion; produced like diphthongs
Liquids
/l, r/
Production:
Semivowels; tract obstructed only slightly more than it is for vowels
Distinctive Feature
An articulatory or acoustic parameter that according to its presence or absence helps define a phoneme
Vocalic
Distinctive Feature;
All vowels; /l,r/
Consonantal
Distinctive Feature
All consonants except /h, w, j/
No vowels
High
Distinctive Feature
/k, g, sh, zh, ch, dj, ng, j/
/i, I, u, upsilon/
Low
Distinctive Feature
/h/
/ash, ah/
Back
Distinctive Feature
/k, g, ng/
/ah, aw, o, u, upsilon/
Anterior
Distinctive Feature
/p, b, t, d, f, v, s, z, th, m, n, l, w/
No vowels
Coronal
Distinctive Feature
/t, d, s, z, sh, zh, ch, dj, th, n, l, r/
No vowels
Round
Distinctive Feature
/r, w/
/er, aw, o, u, upsilon/
