Chapter 3

Question 1

Conditions

Answer 1

Physicochemical features of environment like temp, pH, salinity. Conditions affect organisms and vise versa

Question 2

Resources

Answer 2

Consumed by organisms

Question 3

Response curves

Answer 3

Highest performance=Reproduction, Middle= Individual Growth, Low=Individual Survival, Lowest=Death. might not be at peak performance bc competition of other animals might kill.

Question 4

ectoderm

Answer 4

rely on external heat to determine pace of metabolism

Question 5

endotherm

Answer 5

regulate body temperature by producing heat within body

Question 6

photoinhibition

Answer 6

rate of fixation of carbon decreases with increasing radiation intensity

Question 7

C3 Pathway

Answer 7

first production of 3 carbon atoms, wastes water and reaches max rate of photosynthesis too quickly

Question 8

C4 Pathway

Answer 8

First production of 4 carbon sugar, more efficient with water and carbon, separate things spatially

Question 9

Heterotrophs

Answer 9

Uses organic compound as food, unpacks and consumes the organic compounds formed by autotrophs. 1) Decomposers 2) Parasites 3) Predators 4) Grazers

Question 10

Thermophiles

Answer 10

most organisms are scared of high temps except thermophiles. ie. fungi, bacteria and archaea.

Question 11

Photoperiod

Answer 11

length of the period of daylight within a daily cycle. as photoperiod shortens (approaches winter),

Question 12

Diapause

Answer 12

basically hybernation

Question 13

acclimatization

Answer 13

conditions may trigger the same or more extreme condition. ex: Exposure to cold temp may cause inc rate of metabolism at the temp thus tolerate even colder temps. over one lifetime

Question 14

Acidophiles

Answer 14

thrive in environments that are highly acidic

Question 15

CAM photosynthesis

Answer 15

Better than C4, doesn’t waste water. Opens stomata at night. Cactus often use this, temporal separation

Question 16

Rubisco

Answer 16

An enzyme that catalyzes reaction of RuBP with CO2 to form sugars with 3 carbons. Then calvin cycle

Question 17

Resources for photosynthesis

Answer 17

Light, water, CO2, Nutrients

Question 18

Calvin Cycle

Answer 18

Second stage of dark reaction photosynthesis. After forming sugar with 3 C, calvin cycle forms sugar with 6 C (Glucose)

Question 19

______ is used by plants to time dormancy and flowering.

Answer 19

Photoperiod

Question 20

A _________ is an organism that relies on external sources of heat to determine the pace of their metabolism.

Answer 20

Ectotherm

Question 21

Species of bacteria and archaea that can live at temperatures of 100 degrees Celsius are known as ________?

Answer 21

Thermophiles

Question 22

Temperature, humidity, amount of precipitation, and water pH are examples of __________.

Answer 22

Physiochemical features of the environment known as conditions

Question 23

Organisms will consume _______ during the course of their growth and reproduction

Answer 23

Environmental resources

Question 24

Conditions are physiochemical features of the environment, such as:

Answer 24

Temperature, Humidity, Salinity

Question 25

Organisms whose major resources are photosynthetic radiation, water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide are known as ________.

Answer 25

Autotrophs

Question 26

Which is NOT a type of heterotroph?

Bacteria that feed on hydrogen sulfide

Human that feeds on plant material

Fungi

A flea

Answer 26

Bacteria that feeds on hydrogen sulfide. (bc heterotrophs feed on carbon compounds)

Question 27

Autotroph

Answer 27

also known as Primary Producer, assemble CO2, H20, nutrients into complex molecules then cells then whole organisms. These packages are food sources for heterotrophs

Question 28

T/F Plants face a trade-off between photosynthesis and water loss.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Which type of organism feeds on already dead material?

Answer 29

Decomposer

Question 30

T/F C4 photosynthesis is an important photosynthetic pathway for plants in environments with consistently high precipitation.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

If a plant is prevented from transpiring, what do you expect the outcome will be?

Answer 31

The plant will likely become overheated.

Question 32

You learn that an organism is using abiotic environmental resources to assemble carbohydrates and proteins, and then forming them into tissues and organs. This organism is likely a:

Answer 32

Autotroph

Question 33

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 33

6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 34

photorespiration

Answer 34

decrease efficiency of photosynthesis, C4 evolved bc of this. result of too much O2 or too little CO2

Question 35

waste product of herbivores

Answer 35

carbon rich bc eat plants which have high C:N ratios

Question 36

waste prducts of animals

Answer 36

nitrogen rich bc eat animals/protein

Question 37

things that eat algae

Answer 37

richer in nitrogen bc things that eat algae are on a more protein diet than herbivores

Question 38

the great conveyor belt

Answer 38

helps to intake large amounts of CO2, distributes heat, sinks at N Atlantic ocean, dense. slowing down because of greenland ice melting into arctic ocean