Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology year 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A cell which doesn’t contain membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Example of prokaryotic cells

A

Bacterial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

Cells which contain membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Example or eukaryotic cell

A

Animal cell

Plant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic: no nucleus/DNA is in circular strands called plasmids/ ribosomes are smaller/capsule/no chloroplasts/cell wall made of murein
Eukaryotic:clear nucleus/DNA is histones/DNA is linear/chloroplasts/ribosomes larger/no capsule/cell wall made of cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the capsule do?

A

Layer of polysaccharide that protects the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the cell wall do?

A

Maintains cell shape and rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the plasma membrane do?

A

Lots of proteins and is responsible for the transport of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the ribosomes do?

A

Gives a grainy appearance-it translates the genetic message in meg gage RNA into the production of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the pill do?

A

Hollow hair like structures made of proteins which allow the bacteria to attach to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the nucleotide do?

A

This is the area which the DNA is confined to because a prokaryotic cell has no nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In a prokaryotic cell what does the flagella do?

A

Long appendages which rotate by means of a motor which is under the cytoplasmic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do cells divide in prokaryotic cells?

A

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the process of Binary Fission

A

1) DNA replicates and attaches to cell membrane
2) plasmid replicates
3) cell membrane grows inward, pinching the cytoplasm
4) new cell wall forms between the 2 DNA molecules
5) 2 new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is in the ultra stutter of an animal cell?

A 
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Ribosomes 
Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
Lysosomes
Golgi body
Microtubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

Responsible for aerobic respiration due to large surface area and folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Let’s substances in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the ribosomes do?

A

Found in the cytoplasm, they synthesis proteins for the cytoskeleton and general functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the microtubules do?

A

Move cytoplasmic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the RER do?

A

Ribosomes are attached to the cytosolic side of the membrane so is “rough”. It is found in the cells which make proteome for export .i.e hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the SER do?

A

No ribosomes- needed for synthesis and metabolism. Produces lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the Golgi body do?

A

Retrieve lipids and proteins from RER and sends them to either lysosomes or plasma membrane

23
Q

What to the lysosomes do?

A

A phospholipid bilateral and acid hydrolysed which are enzymes that break down macromolecules

24
Q

What is magnification?

A

How much larger a sample appears to be compared to its actual size

25
Q

What happens if you increase magnification?

A

You increase blurryness

26
Q

What is resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish two objects which are close together

27
Q

What happens if the resolution is higher?

A

You get more detail

28
Q

Why are electron microscopes better than light microscopes?

A

1) Light microscopes wavelength is too long (can’t distinguish 2 objects)
2) the resolution of an electronmicroscopes is higher

29
Q

What is an ultra microtome?

A

It slices cells so we can see them in the transmission microscope

30
Q

Compare TEM’s and SEM’s

A

TEM-internal view/2D/specimen sliced THIN/electrons shoot through the specimen/artefacts may occur
SEM-external view/3D/ short wavelength/electrons shoot and deflect off specimen/focused with electromagnets

31
Q

What is ultrastructure?

A

Things that you cannot see with a,ought microscope

32
Q

What is ultracentrifugation?

A

Spinning cells round at a very high G to separate the components in the cell

33
Q

What is cell fractionation?

A

Smashing open the cell to look internally

34
Q

What is centrifugation?

A

Isolation that cell organelles that you want to separate

35
Q

What is homoginization?

A

The actual process of opening the cells

36
Q

Why is the solution homogenized in an isotonic solution?

A

-to stop osmotic damage, with a pH buffer to regulate pH and at an ice cold temperature to prevent enzyme damage

37
Q

What is morphology

A

A fancy word for the shape of the cell

38
Q

What is anucleic?

A

A cell with no nucleus like a bacterial cell

39
Q

What is a light microscope?

A

Used in cells/long wavelength so poor resolution/look at specimen directly/specimen dead or alive/specimen easy to prepare

40
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The division of cells that result in each of the daughter cells having an exact copy of DNA of the parent cell

41
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
42
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

DNA replicates and is joined at the centromere

43
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fibres develop which go from pole to pole

44
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes seem to be made of 2 chromatids which are joined at the centromere. The chromatids move along the spindle apparatus and line up at the equator of the cell

45
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

The centromeres divided in 2 and the spindle fibre pull the chromatids apart. Energy for this is provided by the mitochondria

46
Q

What happens in telophase/cytokinesis?

A

Chromosomes reach their respective poles and become longer. The spindle fibres disintegrate and the nuclear envelope and nucleus reform.
Cytoplasm divides

47
Q

Why is mitosis important?

A

Growth
Repair
Reproduction

48
Q

How do you calculate mitotic index?

A

MI= No. Of cells with condensed chromosomes/total no. Of cells

X100

49
Q

What are oncogenes?

A

Proteins which switch off the process of cell Division

50
Q

What are pro oncogens?

A

Proteins which switch on the process of cell division

51
Q

What is begin?

A

Not spreading/not harmful

This is what most tumours are however the pay can compress and cause damage to surrounding tissue

52
Q

What is malignant?

A

Spreading/developed and are dangerous. Some tumours spread from their site of origin.they develop their own blood and lymph supply–>this transports the malignant cells SO THE TUMOUR SPREADS!!!!!:(:(:(

53
Q

How can you treat cancer?

A

You kill the cells by blocking part of the cell Cole- this disrupts the cell divisor so cancer growth ceases.
(Preventing DNA replication)

Biology year 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions