Chapter 3 Flashcards
Hydrolysis Reaction
Breaks a bond by adding water
Dehydration reaction
take water out of a bond to form it together
Amino Acid
building blocks of proteins
Properties of Amino Acids
distinguished by their side chains (determine function)
20 amino acids
basic building blocks of proteins
Proteins
polymers made up of different proportions and sequences of 20 amino acids
Function of Protein
support protect catalysis transport defense regulate hormones movement
Protein Monomer
amino acid
Protein element
O, C, H, N
Primary structure of protein
precise sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chain
examples of proteins
enzymes and hormones
collagen
insulin
hemoglobin
secondary structure of protein
fanned or twisted
hydrogen bonding
tertiary
fold forming specific shapes (bending and folding)
quaternary
two or more polypeptides are assembled to form protein molecules
denatured protein
protein is heated causing secondary and tertiary to break down
chaperone protein
molecular caretakers for other proteins - help shape proteins- prevent inappropriate interactions
Carbohydrates
group of molecules that have a similar atomic composition but differ in size, chemical properties, and biological functions.
carbohydrate monomer
monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, ribose
Carbohydrate elements
2 hydrogen
1 oxygen
1 carbon
examples of carbs
cellulose (plants)
starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)
chitin (animals and fungi)
function of carbs
stores glucose for energy
serve as carbon skeleton
strengthen cell walls
Lipids
Hydrocarbons that are insoluble in water because of their many non polar covalent bonds
Lipid monomer
glycerol
Lipid element
hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Lipids examples
steroids
phospholipids (cell membrane)
triglyceride (glycerol and 3 fatty acids)
Lipids function
energy source structure in cell membranes help plants capture light energy regulatory roles as hormones and vitamins thermal insulation electrical insulation repels water on skin
nucleic acids
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
nucleic acid monomer
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
nucleic acid elements
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen
carbon
nucleic acids examples
dna rna
nucleic acid functions
stores heredity information
carries instructions from dna to ribosomes
basic instruction for living things
nucleic acids bonded together by
polymers of nucleotides linked in a chain through phosphodiester bonds.
