Chapter 2

Question 1

Structure of an atom

Answer 1

Protons neutrons electrons

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a substance that cannot be converted to a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means

Question 3

Organic compound

Answer 3

any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon

Question 4

isotopes

Answer 4

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

a group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound

Question 6

chemical bonds

Answer 6

attractive force stably lining two atoms

Question 7

Covalent Bond

Answer 7

chemical bond based on the SHARING OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN 2 ELECTRONS (strongest)

Question 8

Ionic Bond

Answer 8

Attraction of opposite charges - bonds formed as a result of electrical attraction between ions

Question 9

Hydrogen bond

Answer 9

sharing of a hydrogen atom

Question 10

Van der Waals bond

Answer 10

interactions of electrons of one atom with the nucleus of another

Question 11

Polar

Answer 11

having separate and opposite electric charges at two ends - hydrophilic (water)

Question 12

Non Polar

Answer 12

having electric charges that are evenly balanced from one end to the other - hydrophobic (oils)

Question 13

Water importance

Answer 13

It allows chemical reactions to occur inside living organisms
Its necessary for the formation of certain biological structures
properties of cohesion and surface tension
high heat of vaporization

Question 14

pH scale

Answer 14

measures acidity and basic of a substance
distilled water - 7
vinegar - 3
ammonia - 11

Question 15

Adhesion

Answer 15

bonding between unlike molecules

Question 16

Cohesion

Answer 16

bonding between water

Question 17

surface tension

Answer 17

measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch surface of liquid