Chapter 3 Flashcards
Supremacy clause. Makes the constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
Article VI
Special revenue sharing or broad-based aid. Devoted to general purposes with few restrictions. States preferred this.
Block grants.
For specific purposes defined by federal law, often require local matching funds. Not preferred by states.
Categorical grants.
A document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized and defining its rights and privileges.
Charter
An entity chartered by the state to exercise certain defined powers and provide certain specific services
City (municipal corporation or municipality)
A form of government in which sovereignty is wholly on the hands of the states and local governments, so the national government is dependent in their will
Confederation (. Or confederal system)
A condition in which a state government must fulfill in return to taking federal funds
Conditions of aid
An effort to reduce national government powers. Giving more strength to the states.
Devolution
The stipulation that the terms of a municipal charters be narrowly interpreted. Reversed by home rule charters to some extent.
Dillion’s rule
Stated that though the national government was supreme in its sphere. State government were supreme in theirs as well. And that these two spheres should be kept separate
Dual federalism
A form of government in which sovereignty is shared. So that on some matters the national government is supreme and on the others the states are supreme
federal system
A governmental system in which authority is divided between two sovereign levels of government. National and regional.
Federalism.
The national government granted land or money to various people or places for helpful use
Grants-in-aid
A provision that allows voters to place legislative matters directly on the ballot by getting enough signatures on a petition
Initiative
Seek national aid for cities and states
Intergovernmental lobby
Federal rules that’s states or localities must obey. Not necessarily linked to funding.
Mandates
James McCullough a Baltimore cashier of the bank of the US. Refused to pay the taxes that the state of Maryland levied on money and was jailed.
Mcculloch V. Maryland
Authorized congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers
Necessary and proper clause
States had the right to “nullify” laws that, in the states opinion, violated the constitution
Nullification
City laws
Ordinances
The power of a government to enact laws and regulations that promote citizens health, safety, and morals
Police power
A provision that allows voters to remove a duly-effected official from office
Recall
A provision that allows voters to remove a duly-effected official from office
Referendum
The supreme or ultimate political authority. A sovereign government is one that is legally and politically independent of any other government.
Sovereignty.
States actually received power. All power not given to the national government are given to the states.
10th amendment
A grant-in-aid program that allowed states maximum dissection in the spending of federal funds. States were not required to supply matching funds and they received money according to a statistical formula. Terminated in 1986
Revenue sharing
A system in which sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government, so the sub-national units are dependent on its will.
Unitary system
