Chapter 3

Question 1

Emotionally charged language

Answer 1

(loaded language)
language with strong emotional tone. either negative or positive.
ex: put up vs tolerate
ex: rude vs bitch

Question 2

Euphemism

Answer 2

polite language used to cover up things that are rude/embarrassing/uncomfortable/terrible in some way.
ex: passed away vs died.

Question 3

Ambiguity

Answer 3

a word(semantic) or phrase(syntactic) could have several different meanings

Question 4

Semantic ambiguity

Answer 4

when a word has more then one distinct meaning.
ex: most people kiss the ‘right’ way.
right = direction or correct.

Question 5

Syntactic Ambiguity

Answer 5

when a phrase has more then one distinct meaning. grammar or syntax of phrase.
ex: it’s time for football and meatball stew.

Question 6

Fallacy

Answer 6

the premises do not justify the conclusion. Common mistake in reasoning. People tend not to notice. Fallacies are weak arguments but often strike people of being correct.

Question 7

Fallacy of Equivocation

Answer 7

(Fallacy of Ambiguity)
committed when a key word (with a different meaning) is distributed into 2 or more premises and appear to support the conclusion.
ex: The feather is light. what is light cannot be dark. Therefore, a feather cannot be dark.

Question 8

Vagueness

Answer 8

the context in which is appears, we cannot determine what things the word would apply to.