Chapter 3

Question 1

Raw Score

Answer 1

The first score obtained in testing;usually represents the number or items correct.

Question 2

Norm-Referenced Tests

Answer 2

Tests designed to compare individual students with national averages or norms of expectancy.

Question 3

Nominal Scale

Answer 3

Numerical scale that uses numbers for the purpose of identification.

Question 4

Ordinal Scale

Answer 4

Numerical scale in which numbers are used for ranking.

Question 5

Interval Scale

Answer 5

A scale that uses numbers for ranking in which numerical units are equidistant.

Question 6

Ratio Scale

Answer 6

Numerical scale with the quality of equidistant units and absolute zero.

Question 7

Derived Score

Answer 7

Scores obtained by using a raw score and expectancy tables.

Question 8

Standard Scores

Answer 8

Scores calculated during the norming process of a test that follow normal distribution theory.

Question 9

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 9

Statistics used to organize and describe data.

Question 10

Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 10

Statistical methods for observing how data cluster around the mean.

Question 11

Normal Distribution

Answer 11

A symmetrical distribution with a single numerical representation for the mean, median, and mode.

Question 12

Frequency Distribution

Answer 12

Method of determining how many times each score occurs in a set of data.

Question 13

Mode

Answer 13

The most frequently occurring score in a set of scores.

Question 14

Bimodal Distribution

Answer 14

A distribution that has two most frequently occurring scores.

Question 15

Multimodal Distribution

Answer 15

A distribution with three or more modes.

Question 16

Frequency Polygon

Answer 16

A graphic representation of how often each score occurs in a set of data.

Question 17

Median

Answer 17

The middlemost score in a set of data.

Question 18

Mean

Answer 18

The arithmetic average of a set of data. Add them up and divide by number of data.

Question 19

Standard Deviation

Answer 19

A unit of measurement that represents the typical amount that a score can be expected to vary from the mean in a given set of data.

Question 20

Variability

Answer 20

Describes how scores vary.

Question 21

Measures of Dispersion

Answer 21

Statistical methods for observing how data spread from the mean.

Question 22

Variance

Answer 22

Describes the total amount by which a group of scores varies in a set of data.

Question 23

Range

Answer 23

The distance between the highest and lowest scores in a data set.

Question 24

Skewed

Answer 24

Describes a distribution that has either more positively distributed scores or more negatively distributed scores.

Question 25

Positively Skewed

Answer 25

Describes a distribution in which more of the scores fall below the mean.

Question 26

Negatively Skewed

Answer 26

Describes a distribution in which more of the scores fall above the mean.

Question 27

Percentile Ranks

Answer 27

Scores that express the percentage of students who scored as well as or lower than a given student’s score.

Question 28

Z Scores

Answer 28

Derived scores that are expressed in standard deviation units.

Question 29

Stanines

Answer 29

A method of reporting scores that divides data into nine groups, with scores reported as 1 through 9 with a mean of 5.

Question 30

Deciles

Answer 30

A method of reporting scores that divides data into 10 groups with each group representing 10% of the obtained scores.