Chapter 3 Flashcards
TorF. The Guide applies to both vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
T
Define poikilothermic animals and give examples of some.
Core body temp varies with the environment, with limited ability to metabolically maintain core temps. Fish Amphibians Reptiles
Define microenvironment
The physical environenment directly surrounding the animal, such as cage, pen or stall. Primary enclosure
What is the macroenvironment?
The room, barn, outdoor habitat. The secondary enclosure
What is the the thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
The ambient temperature range at which thermoregulation occurs without the need to increase metabolic heat production or evaporative heat loss
What do LCT and UCT stand for?
Lower and Upper critical temperatures. These bound the TNZ
What are the upper and lower boundaries of the TNZ for mice?
26-34 C
Dry bulb temperatures in animal rooms should be set above or below the LCT to avoid heat stress.
below
What is the acceptable range for relative humidity for most species
30-70%
What is an acceptable guide line for the number of air changes per hour in animal rooms
10-15
If exhaust air is to be recycled, with what should it be flitered, at a minimum
85-95% ASHRAE efficient filters, to remove airborn particles
What does ASHRAE stand for?
American society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning engineers
What type of rodents were used as a basis to establish room illunination levels?
albino rodents, because they are most sensitive to phototoxic retinopathy
What is an appropriate light intensity for albino rodents.
325 lux (30 ft candles) at 1M off the floor
What is the light intensity that albino rats prefer?
less than 25lux
Light intensity decreases or increases with the square of the distance from the source?
decreases
Noise louder than ____ can reduce fertility in rodents
85dB
At what dB level is hearing protection likely necessary for personnel
85dB
T or F. It is ok to listen to radios in animal areas
T. but only if approved as part of the protocol or enrichment program. And should be turned off at the end of the day
T or F. It is acceptable to use wood in primary enclosures
T. But only in appropriate circumstances, such as outdoor corrals, perches, climbing structures, and only if replaced periodically when damaged or difficult to clean
Is it acceptable to count food bowls, litter boxes or enrichment devices on the floor of an enclosure as part of the floor space?
No, these should not be counted
What is the minimum recommended space for a female mouse and her litter?
51 square inches and 5inches high
WHat is the minimum recommended space for a rat and her litter
124 sq inches and 7 inches high
What is the minimum height recommendation for hamsters?
6 inches
T or F. It is acceptable to house larger groups of animals at higher densities than small groups or single animals.
T
What is a certified diet.
Has been screened for contaminents, ofter used or required for FDA/GLP studies
What is a purified diet?
Each ingredient of the diet contains a single nutrient (or class of nutrient)
What is a chemically defined diet
contain the most elemental diet ingredients (such as specific amino acids or sugars)
Cedar shaving are not recommended because they emit ______
aromatic hydrocarbons
T or F. Bedding can influence mucosal immunity?
T
What is the effective temperature range of water at which disinfection can be acheived
143-180F
When is toe clipping considered an approrpiate and possible preferable method of identification in mice
if they are less than 7d old, and when toe clipping and genotyping are combined
T or F. Chloramines and Chlorine must be removed from or neutralized before use in aquatic system
T
They are are toxic to fish and amphibians.
What is included in the life support system for aquatic species
physical structure used to contain the water and the animals, and all the equipment used to move and/or treat the water
What is a recirculating system for aquatic species?
water is continuously moved around a system
What is a static system for aquatic species
what does not move, it is periodically changed
What is a flow through system
Water is constantly being replaced
Give examples of artificial water
treated by reverse osmosis or distilling
What is treated water?
Water that comes in generally through a municipal tap
WHat is the purpose of a biofilter?
changes ammonia to nitrite and nitrate (via nitrfying bacteria)
What is the purpose of the carbon filter?
To remove dissolved chemicals
What is the purpose of the ultraviolet or ozone unit?
to disinfect the tank
How big must the biofilter be?
of sufficient size (contain the appropriate number of bacteria) to process the bioload
T or F. Aerosolization should be used in an aquatic environment
F. This should be limited due to the potential to spread pathogens
What is the typical housing density for zebra fish in the US
5 fish per liter
T or F. Latex gloves should be used for handling amphibians to keep from disrupting the protective mucus layer of the skin
F. Latex gloves have been associated with toxicity in some amphibians
What factors contribute to the growth of algea and cyanobacteria
Light, nitrogen and phosphorus
