Chapter 3

Question 1

Emphasizes that the morally right action is whatever action leads to the maximum balance of good over evil.

Answer 1

Consequential Ethics (Theories of Ethics)

Question 2

The goal of ____________ is to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number.

Answer 2

Consequentialist

Question 3

Based on the view that the value of an action derives solely from the value of its consequences.

Answer 3

Consequential Ethics (Theories of Ethics)

Question 4

Envies that the consequences of an action or rule are the only criteria for determining the morality of an action or rule.

Answer 4

Nonconsequential (Theories of Ethics)

Question 5

Believes right or wrong depends on the intention, not the outcome.

Answer 5

Nonconsequential (Theories of Ethics)

Question 6

Standards or codes of conduct established but the membership of a specific profession.

Answer 6

Professional Ethics (Theories of Ethics)

Question 7

Describes what is right and wrong conduct, including acceptable behavior, and expectations of a profession’s membership.

Answer 7

Professional Ethics (Theories of Ethics)

Question 8

Address legal-ethics issues that arise during the course of a patent’s care and treatment.

Answer 8

Healthcare Ethics Committee

Question 9

Serve as a resource for patients, families, and staff and offer objective counsel when dealing with difficult healthcare issues.

Answer 9

Healthcare Ethics Committee

Question 10

Concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action in which the ends can justify the means.

Answer 10

Situational Ethics

Question 11

One’s moral character can sometimes change as circumstances change.

Answer 11

Situational Ethics

Question 12

Duty-based ethics

Answer 12

Deontologic Ethics

Question 13

Involves ethical analysis according to a moral code, or rules, either religious or secular.

Answer 13

Deontologic Ethics

Question 14

Theory that holds that mortality is relative to the norms of one’s culture.

Answer 14

Ethical Relativism

Question 15

Whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced.

Answer 15

Ethical Relativism

Question 16

Universal ruled of conduct, derived from ethical theories that provide a practical basis for identifying what kinds of action, intentions, and ,motives are valued.

Answer 16

Ethical Principles

Question 17

Assist caregivers in making choices based on moral principles that have been identified as standards considered important when addressing ethical dilemmas.

Answer 17

Ethical Principles

Question 18

Provides framework within which particular ethical dilemmas can be analyzed and decisions made.

Answer 18

Ethical Principles

Question 19

The right of a person to make one’s own decisions.

Answer 19

Autonomy

Question 20

______ decision making can be affected by one’s disabilities, mental status, maturity, or incapacity to make decisions.

Answer 20

Autonomy

Question 21

The principle of doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion, and helping others.

Answer 21

Beneficence

Question 22

In the healthcare setting, caregivers demonstrate _______ by balancing benefits against risk.

Answer 22

Beneficence

Question 23

Form of beneficence

Answer 23

Paternalism

Question 24

People believing that they know what is best for another, often making decisions that they believe are in that person’s best interest.

Answer 24

Paternalism

Question 25

Withholding information from someone, believing that the person would be better off.

Answer 25

Paternalism

Question 26

Making choices for patients who are capable of making their own choices.

Answer 26

Medical Paternalism

Question 27

A physician selectively telling the patient what he or she prefers based on personal beliefs.

Answer 27

Medical Paternalism

Question 28

Ethical Principle that requires caregivers to avoid causing patients harm.

Answer 28

Nonmaleficence

Question 29

The principle of ______ is shattered when a physician is placed in the position of ending life by removing respirators, giving lethal injections, or by writing prescriptions for lethal dose of medication.

Answer 29

Nonmaleficence

Question 30

The obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risk.

Answer 30

Justice

Question 31

Demands that persons in similar circumstances be treated similarly.

Answer 31

Justice

Question 32

Involves how people are treated when their interest compete with one another.

Answer 32

Justice

Question 33

Focuses on the inherent character of a person rather than on the specific actions that he or she performs.

Answer 33

Virtue Ethics

Question 34

Some sort of moral excellence or beneficial quality.

Answer 34

Virtue

Question 35

One who does the good and right thing by habit, not by a set of rules of conduct.

Answer 35

Morally virtuous person

Question 36

Characteristics that differentiate good people from bad people.

Answer 36

Virtues

Question 37

A standard conduct used for judging the goodness or badness actions

Answer 37

Value

Question 38

Implies standard of worth

Answer 38

Ethical Values

Question 39

Something that has value in and of its self (happiness).

Answer 39

Intrinsic Value

Question 40

The judicious application of knowledge

Answer 40

Wisdom

Question 41

Involves self-control and restraint.

Answer 41

Temperance

Question 42

The act of binding oneself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action

Answer 42

Commitment

Question 43

The deep awareness of and sympathy for another's suffering.

Answer 43

Compassion

Question 44

One who has moral integrity and a strict regard for doing what is considered the fight thing to do.

Answer 44

Conscientious Person

Question 45

A form of self-reflection on and judgment about whether one's action are right or wrong, good or bad.

Answer 45

Conscience

Question 46

The ability to make good decisions without personal biases, fears, and undue influences from others.

Answer 46

Discernment

Question 47

A person who has ________ has the wisdom to decide the best course of action when there are many possible actions from which to choose.

Answer 47

Discernment

Question 48

Involves confidence that a person will act with the right motives.

Answer 48

Honesty and Trust

Question 49

Assured reliance on character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something.

Answer 49

Honesty and Trust

Question 50

Involves a steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code and commitment not to compromise this code.

Answer 50

Integrity

Question 51

Involves the quality of being considerate and sympathetic to another's need.

Answer 51

Kindness

Question 52

An attitude of admiration or esteem.

Answer 52

Respect

Question 53

In patient care setting, involves looking forward to something with the confidence of success.

Answer 53

Hopefulness

Question 54

Implies that a person accepts difference on others to believe, think, speak, or act as himself or herself.

Answer 54

Positive Tolerance

Question 55

Implies that one will reluctantly put up with another's beliefs. (Simply tolerate the view of others)

Answer 55

Negative Tolerance

Question 56

Addresses such difficult issues as; The nature of life and deaths. What sort of life is worth living? Responsibility that we have to other human beings.

Answer 56

Bioethics