Chapter 3

Question 1

1. An early population doctrine that advocated the idea that quality was better than quantity when
   it came to the number of humans is attributable to
   a. Confucius.
   b. Plato.
   c. Cicero.
   d. Ibn Khaldun.

Answer 1

plato

Question 2

2. The early idea that population growth is inherently good because it leads to specialization and
higher incomes is attributed to
a. Confucius.
b. Plato.
c. Cicero.
d. Ibn Khaldun.

Answer 2

d. Ibn Khaldun.

Question 3

3. The cultural reawakening of Europe after the Middle Ages is attributable especially to
   a. contact with the Mediterranean Islamic world.
   b. the receding of the plague.
   c. growth of cities.
   d. the Columbian Exchange

Answer 3

a. contact with the Mediterranean Islamic world.

Question 4

4. The person often called the “father of demography” is \_\_\_\_\_\_ due to his analyses of population
data in the seventeenth century.
a. Thomas Robert Malthus
b. Achille Guillard
c. John Graunt
d. Willam Petty

Answer 4

. John Graunt

Question 5

5. The historical period/event most associated with the views expressed by Malthus in his first
Essay on Population was the
a. Renaissance.
b. Columbian Exchange.
c. Enlightenment.
d. Industrial Revolution.

Answer 5

c. Enlightenment.

Question 6

6. The essential element of Malthus’s Principle of Population was that
   a. moral restraint was critical to the survival of the human population.
   b. positive checks tended to counter-balance preventive checks.
   c. population grew geometrically while food increased arithmetically.
   d. the passion between the sexes must be constrained by social institutions

Answer 6

c. population grew geometrically while food increased arithmetically.

Question 7

7. Malthus’s concept of positive checks to population growth would conform most closely to what
we call
a. causes of mortality.
b. drought and famine.
c. methods of contraception.
d. moral restraint.

Answer 7

a. causes of mortality.

Question 8

8. The concept least consistent with Malthus’s idea about moral restraint is to
   a. postpone marriage.
   b. practice safe sex prior to marriage.
   c. marry only when you can afford children.
   d. avoid birth control after marriage

Answer 8

b. practice safe sex prior to marriage.

Question 9

9. Malthus’s natural law of population concluded that the end result of population growth was
   a. social and economic stability.
   b. more people living in poverty.
   c. higher wages for industrial workers.
   d. a push for people to have smaller families.

Answer 9

b. more people living in poverty.

Question 10

10. The important political implication of Malthus’s theory regarding population was that
    a. the poor were to blame for their own poverty.
    b. poverty is the product of unjust social institutions.
    c. the niggardliness of nature produces human unhappiness.
    d. it is important to teach methods of birth control to the poor.

Answer 10

a. the poor were to blame for their own poverty.

Question 11

11. The influential theorist who described his own theory as “the doctrine of Malthus applied with
    manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms” was
    a. Karl Marx.
    b. J. S. Mill.
    c. Charles Darwin.
    d. Émile Durkheim.

Answer 11

c. Charles Darwin.

Question 12

12. The most significant difference between Malthus and subsequent neo-Malthusians is that neoMalthusians
    a. believe in the use of birth control.
    b. understand the concept of the tragedy of the commons.
    c. do not accept that population growth leads to poverty.
    d. do not champion the rights of women.

Answer 12

a. believe in the use of birth control.

Question 13

13. The important political implication of the Marxian theory regarding population was that
    a. the poor were to blame for their own poverty.
    b. poverty is the product of unjust social institutions.
    c. the niggardliness of nature produces human unhappiness.
    d. it is important to teach methods of birth control to the poor.

Answer 13

b. poverty is the product of unjust social institutions.

Question 14

14. The Chinese government’s approach to dealing with population growth over the past several
    decades could be characterized as a mix of the ideas of Marx and
    a. J. S. Mill.
    b. Ibn Khaldun.
    c. Condorcet.
    d. Malthus.

Answer 14

d. Malthus

Question 15

15. An important element added to population thinking by J. S. Mill was that
    a. a sudden increase in income would promote thrift and provide a motivation to limit
    fertility.
    b. social aspiration is the root cause of a desire to limit fertility.
    c. population growth leads to greater societal specialization.
    d. populations over time have transitioned from high birth and death rates to low birth and
    death rates.

Answer 15

a. a sudden increase in income would promote thrift and provide a motivation to limit
fertility.

Question 16

16. An important element added to population thinking by Durkheim was that
    a. fear of slipping socially was a motivation to limit fertility.
    b. social aspiration is the root cause of a desire to limit fertility.
    c. population growth leads to greater societal specialization.
    d. a sudden increase in income would promote thrift and provide a motivation to limit
    fertility.

Answer 16

c. population growth leads to greater societal specialization.

Question 17

17. Theoretical explanations for the demographic transition were initially drawn from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
theory.
a. modernization
b. postmodern
c. rational choice
d. neo-classical Marxian

Answer 17

a. modernization

Question 18

18. The reformulation of the demographic transition theory was inspired especially by
    a. Marxian views that emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
    b. new ideas brought forward by the theory of demographic change and response.
    c. ideas emerging from the European Fertility Project at Princeton.
    d. ideas emerging from Samuel Huntington’s work on “Clash of Civilizations and the
    Remaking of World Order.”

Answer 18

c. ideas emerging from the European Fertility Project at Princeton.

Question 19

19. The theory of demographic change and response added the _______ to the theory of the
    demographic transition.
    a. concept of rational choice as a key element in understanding human behavior
    b. concepts of secularization and modernization
    c. concept of wealth flow
    d. concept of linking demography to the lives of individuals and families

Answer 19

d. concept of linking demography to the lives of individuals and families

Question 20

20. The so-called “second demographic transition” is most closely associated with which of the
    transitions associated with the overall demographic transition?
    a. Fertility transition
    b. Age transition
    c. Urban transition
    d. Family and household transition

Answer 20

d. Family and household transition