Chapter 3

Question 1

ARP

Answer 1

Address REsolution Protocol
a protocol that works at the internetwork layer of the TCP/IP Networking model; resolves a known IP address to an unknown MAC address, which is the final leg of communiction between the source and destination.

Question 2

ARPA

Answer 2

Advanced Research Project Agency
The government Organization operation in the DEPartment of DEfense (DOD) That was responsible for the creation and proliferation of the Internet and the TCP/IP protocol suit.

Question 3

ARPANET

Answer 3

Advanced Research Project Agancy Netowrk

The orignal name of the internet.

Question 4

RP Reply

Answer 4

A reply sent by the device that discovers its own IP address in the IP header of the ARP request frame and inclusds the request MAC address.5The TCP/IP layer that corresponds to the APPlication, Presentation adn session Lyer of the ISO model

Question 5

ARP Request

Answer 5

A process used to obtain the correct mapping when a source computer cannot locate a destination MAC address for tha know IP address in its ARP table.
ARP Table

Question 6

A table used by a networkdevice that contains MAC to IP address mapping.
buffer

Answer 6

a Portion of memorty used on a network handle packet flows that exceeds their processing capabilities. Packets are stored ina buffer until the system can process them.

Question 7

Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical model

Answer 7

a model that emphasizes good network design and involves the access layer at the bottom, the the distributinolayer in the middle and the core layer at the top.

Question 8

Congestion avoidance

Answer 8

A method by which a system on a network can reduce the flow of packets on the netowrk by sending a message request to the sender to reduce the rate at which packets are being transmitted.

Question 9

Default GAteway

Answer 9

The address to which a howt or IP dedevice sends a packet when the destination hst is not on its subnet. The default gateway is usually an interface on a router.

Question 10

Destination Unreachable

Answer 10

An ICMP message sent back to the sourc host whena gateway cannont deliver IP datagram.

Question 11

DHCP

Answer 11

Dynamic HOst Configuration Protocol
A protocol used to obtain IP address and other parameters such as the default gateway, subnet mask, and IP addresses froma aserver. DHCP has largely replaced RARP

Question 12

Diskless Workstation

Answer 12

Workstation configured to download their operation system from a central server. These workstattions typically do not have a hard drive.

Question 13

DNS

Answer 13

Domain Name System
A hierarchical naming serveice that is used on the Internet and IP networks to procide host name to IP address resolution.

Question 14

Echo Request/ Reply

Answer 14

The Most commonly used ICMP message. ICMP echo request/reply messages are used to check the avaliability to a remote host and the device along a network path (intermediate gateways), and to verify the installation of the TCP/IP protocol on the local source host.

Question 15

Expectational Acknowledgment

Answer 15

A TCP acknowledgment process in which the acknowledgment number refers to teh next expected sequence number. if the expected Sequence is not recieved withina specifict time interval, a retransmission is requested.

Question 16

FTP

Answer 16

File TRansfer Protocol
A part of teh TCP/IP protocol suite that provides reliabl efile transfer across the Internet or other TCP/IP networks. FTP uses TCP to transfer filses

Question 17

HTTP

Answer 17

A protocol used for communications on the World Wide Web. Web servers are HTTP servers

Question 18

ICMP Flod

Answer 18

A large quantity of ICMP echo requests sent to a target device by a malicious person or program in an attempt to crash to greatly redue the prefomance of the target device.

Question 19

Information Request/ REply

Answer 19

ICMP messages that are typically used to determine the subnet mask used by the destination. This message allows a host to determine the number of the network onwhich it resides.

Question 20

ISN

Answer 20

Initial Sequence Number
Senumbers that allow communicating hosts to syncronize their communications in a TCP three-way handshake. when the communication is initiated, two hosts communicating over TCP swill syncronize their initial sequence numbers

Question 21

ds\ICMP

Answer 21

INternet Control Message Protocol
A protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite at the Internetwork Layer. ICMP messages control and manage IP protocol communications.

Question 22

IP

Answer 22

Internet Protocol
The Network Layer (Internetwork Layer ) Protocol that is responsible for logical addressin. Thsi allows data to be routed.

Question 23

Intertwork Layer

Answer 23

The layer of TCP/IP that is equivalent to the netowrk layer of the OSI model.

Question 24

IP addressing

Answer 24

The process of assigning (unique) IP addressing to devices on the network either by typing them in statically or using a dynamic approach such as RARP or DHCP.

Question 25

Link-state

Answer 25

A routing protocol that uses cost when calcuating the best path between two points. It cconsiders item such as network traffic, router congestion, bandwith, reliability, and other factors that could affect network performance.

Question 26

NFS

Answer 26

Network File Ssystem

A file system associated with the UNIX Operationg system that allows for network communications between hosts.

Question 27

Network Interface Layer

Answer 27

In TCPIP, the layer that is equivalent to the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model.

Question 28

Ping

Answer 28

Packet internet Groper

A trouble shooting utility that uses ICMP to verify that a remote host is currently running the accessible.

Question 29

Parameter Problem

Answer 29

An ICMP message sent whenever incorrect datagram header information is received. The message idnitifies the octet in datagram that caused the problem.

Question 30

POP3

Answer 30

Post Office PRotocol version 3

A protocol used by client machines that allows users to download e-mail from an e-mail server.

Question 31

redirect

Answer 31

An ICMP message sent to source hosts requesting that they change routers because the one they chose was not optimal. Ths packet is used to update a source host’s internal routing table

Question 32

Rlogin

Answer 32

Remote Login Application

A utility that allows remote computers to connect to other computers or devices.

Question 33

RFC

Answer 33

Requests for Comments

A group Internet0relased document that specify internet protocols and standards.

Question 34

RST

Answer 34

Reset Packet

A packet indicating the receiver should delet the TCP connectins without further interacton.