Chapter 2 Flashcards
100baseFX
A faster Ethernet implementation over multimode fiber optic cabling. 412 meter max length.
UTP
Unshelled twisted paid.
100BaseT4
100-Mbps Fast Ethernet. Uses 4pair of UTP Category 3-5. Max 100 meter.
1000BaseCX
Balanced copper wire at 1000 Mbps. IEEE 802.3 z Gigabit Ethernet.
1000BaseLX
Single mode fiber under IEEE 802.3z gigabit Ethernet at 1000mbps.
1000BaseSX
Multimodal fiber under IEEE 802.3z at 1000mbps.
1000BaseT
Uses all four pairs of category 5 or UTP cable. To achieve 1000 Mbps. Under IEEE 802.3ab.
Active Hub
Connects multiple nodes or networks. Repeats and regenerates signal. Power connected.
Ad hoc mode
Wireless mode connecting clients directly w/out access points.
Amplifier
Device used to boost analog signals on broadband network.
Analog
Method of signal transmission on broadband networks.
Attenuation
The natural degradation of transmitted signal over distance.
Backoff Period
A random time interval used after a collision has been after a collision has been detected on an Ethernet network. Use of a backoff period minimizes the likelihood of another collision.
Bandwidth
the available capacity of the network. The greater the network bandwidth, the greater the speed in data transfer.
BSS
Basic Service Set. A wireless net work with only one access point connected to a switch
Bridge
a device that operates the Data Link layer, used to filter traffic between network segments by evaluation the MAC address and packets that are sent to it.
Brodcast
A frame met for the entire network.
Brodcast Domain
A group of network devices that will receive LAN broadcast traffic form each other.
Broadcast Storm
Excessive brodcast messages toevery host on the network, launched by multiple computers; usually triggered by some error condition on the network.
Brouter
A device that functions as a bridge for nonroutable protocols and routers for rotatable protocols. The router operates at both the Data Link and Network Layers.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
and access method specified by IEEEE Ethernet 802.3 standard. In this method, a node will listen to see if the line is clear and then, if the line is clear, send data. To nodes my still send at the same time and cause a collision, in which case the two nodes will then preform the backoff algorithm.
Carrier Signal
A transmitted electromagnetic pulse or wave on the network wire at indicated a transmission in the progress.
Collision Domain
In Ethernet networking, a single segment on the network. Any situation on the same physical segment or separate by a repeater is the same collision domain. Bridges, routers, and switches (deepening on how they are configured) can separate collision domains.
Contention
The condition that occurs when computers on a network mus share the available capacity of the network wire with other computers.
Fast Ethernet
Defined in IEEE 802.3u, and includes and of the following 100 Mbps Ethernet LAN technologies: 100BaseT4, 100Base-TX,100Base-FX.
ESS
Extended Service Set
A wireless network with multiple access points connected to switches. The access points are typically configured with the same network name (SSID) to facilitate roaming.
EAP
Extensible Authentication Protocol
Works with 802.1x to carry the authentication information between the user , the access on, and the security server.
Full Duplex
a connection that allows communication in two directions at once; common telephone connections are typically full duplex because people can talk and listen at the same time.
Gateway
A combination of hardware and software that translate between different protocols on a network.
Gigabit Ethernet
includes IEEE 802.3x and IEEE 802.3ab, which allow for speeds up to 100 Mbps.
10GbE or 10 GigE
10 Gigabit Ethernet
a standard ten times faster than gigabit Ethernet that is always implemented as full duplex.
Half Duplex
A connection that allows communications in two directions, but not simultaneously; the circuit can be used for sending or receiving bits in only one directions at a time.
Hub
An active or passive device that connects network segments. Passive hubs are connected points; active hubs repeat the regenerate signals.
IEEE 802.3x
the IEEE standard that defines port switching designed to shut down a switch port to all frame unless they are authenticated frames.
IEEE 802.3
the IEEE standard that defines wireless networking in the unlicensed frequency brands 2.4 GHZ and 5GHz
IEEE 802.3i
The most robust wireless security standard in use today. It is based on Wi-Fi Protected access version 2 (WPA2 which uses AAES encryption, dynamic keys, and user authentication via 802.1x EAP
IEEE 802.3ab
The IEEE Standard that defines the Gigabit Ethernet implementation 100BaseT.
IEEE 802.3u
The IEEE standart that defines Fast Ethernet implementations, including 100BaseT4, 100BaseTX and 100BaseFX
IEEE 802.3z
The IEEE standard that defines Gigabit Ethernet implementations including 1000BaseCX, 1000BASELX and 1000BAseSX
infrastructure mode a
A wireless mode in which the access point is wired back into a switch so that the client has access to the LAN and WAN, not just the WLAN.
IFG
Interframe Gap
The time required between the transmission of data frames on the network: 9.6 microseconds.
Internetwork
A large network comprised of smaller interconnected networks.
IP Address
A 32 Bit binary address used on TCP/IP networks; consists of a host portion and network portion.
Jam Signal
A 32 bit signal that is sent by the first station to detect a collision on an Ethernet network; enuseres that all other stations are aware of the collision
Latency
A delay on the network cause by a variety of factors, including the addition of devices.
Microsegmentation
the type of segmentation that occurs through the use of virtual circuits between switches and nodes. Each connection enjoys the total bandwidth. Bandwidth is not shares ad is the through hubs.
Network Access Method
the process by which network interface cards and devices communicate data on a network; and example is CSMA/CD. Also known as Media access Method.
Node
A connection point or junction on the network. A node can be a terminal or computer connected to the network.
Optical Repeater
A network device that uses LED’s or diode lasers to amplify optical signals.
Passive Hub
A device that connects network segments but does not preform signal regeneration.
Port
A connection point, usually for network cable , on a device such as a hub, bridge, switch, or router.
Repeater
A device that repeats and cleans signals on the network and extends the usable distance of the network.
Router
A device that connects multiple segments, subdivides a network, filters broadcast traffic, and maintains a routing table. A router uses the logical address move data packets from point to point.
Segment (noun)
A section of a network that has been subdivided by routers switches , or bridges
Segment (verb)
To subdivide a network with a networking devices, such as a bridge, switch , or router.
Segementation
The process of breaking a network into smaller broadcast or collision domains.
SSID
Service set Identifier
the network name configured on both the access point and the client so that they can communicate.
Subnetowrk
A portion of the network created by manipulating a network address and breaking it down into smaller parts.
Switch
A device used between nodes on a network or between networks to create virtual circuits between two points. A switch increases bandwidth by isolating traffic between two points.
Token Ring
A networking method developed by IBM that organizes the network into a physical or logical ring. the token is a logical device and because stations my only broadcast on the network when they have the token, traffic does not collide.
Topology
the physical layout of the net work components. The topology can take the form of a ring, star, or bus.
Virtual Circit
A private connection between tow points created by a switch that allows the two points to use the entire available bandwidth between them without conntention
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy
The initial wireless security standard that uses the RC4 algorithm with static key. This is now considered weak encryption.
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access
The improvement to WEP. It provides better encryption with the TKIP algorithm and dynamic keys.
WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2
The upgrade to WPA and provides the more robust AES algorithm for encryption as well as dynamic keys. Both WPA and WPA2 can be configured to use 802.1x / EAP.
Wireless Access Point
A network device that contains a radio transceiver, which allows wireless clients to connect to a WLAN.
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
A local area network consisting either of entirely of wireless clients or a traditional LAN that contains wireless access points.
