Chapter 3 Flashcards
a part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up bodily processes
sympathetic
a part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down
parasympathetic nervous system
a bodily system that releases hormones in the bloodstream to regulate certain organs
endocrine system
this process occurs when a presynaptic or sending neuron reabsorbs unused neurotransmitters in the synapse
reuptake
motor neurons travel through ___ nerves carrying info away from the central nervous system
efferent nerves
a type of neurotransmitter that when reduced could lead to Alzheimers
Acetycholine
a type of neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure
endorphins
considered to be the master gland controlling other glands
pituitary gland
branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary movements such as heart beat and respiration
autonomic nervous system
nervous system that connects the body to the central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
neurons that travel through the peripheral nervous system carrying info out from the central nervous system to muscles, enabling movement
motor neurons
drug deigned to mimic a neurotransmitter
agonist
drug designed to block or stop the action of a neurotransmitter
antagonist
the brain and spinal cord make up the ____
central nervous system
sensory neurons travel through ___ nerves carrying info to the central nervous system
afferent nerves
neurons that sense info from the environment and travel through the peripheral nervous system carrying info to the central nervous system
sensory nerves
part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements
somatic nervous system
refers to the -70 charge in which a neuron sits waiting to fire an action potential
resting potential
part of a neuron that receives info from other neurons
dendrites
part of a neuron that sends info to other neurons
axon
a brief electrical charge enabling a neuron to communicate with other neurons through the release of a neurotransmitter
action potential
chemical messengers that travel across a synapse
neurotransmitters
gap between neurons that neurotransmitters must cross
synapse
period in which a neuron cannot fire an action potential due to the charge being below -70
refractory period
insulation of a neuron allowing neural speed to increase; disintegration of this could lead to multiple sclerosis
myelin sheath
refers to how a neuron fires each time with the same intensity
all-or-none response
a scanning technique that uses a radioactive glucose to observe the functioning of the brain
pet scan
part of the hindbrain that coordinates movements and balance
cerebellum
part of the brain involved in spoken language
brocas area
part of the hindbrain that controls movements on the left and right side of the body and is responsible for dreams
pons
part of the brain that enables language comprehension
wernickes area
part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres
corpus callosum
lobes that process auditory info
temporal lobes
part of the limbic system linked to fear and emotions
amygdala
part of hindbrain that controls heartbeat and breathing
medulla
part of hindbrain that controls wakefulness and arousal
reticular formation
part of brain that links the endocrine system to the brain and maintains eating, drinking, and body temp
hypothalamus
part of limbic system that processes new memories
hippocampus
lobes that process bodily info such as touch
parietal lobes
relay center for sensory info except smell
thalamus
lobes that are involved in planning, thinking, and emotional control
frontal lobes
lobes that process visual info
occipital lobes
refers to the inability to produce and understand speech
aphasia
brain hemisphere that processes language
left hemisphere
Nerves that carry information from other parts of the body to the brain are called
afferent nerves
Your brain knows that you have stubbed your toe because
afferent nerves transfer that information to the brain
When you are in danger, which part of the nervous system is responsible for your heart rate increasing?
he sympathetic nervous system
The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information is the
dendrites
Multiple sclerosis is caused by lesions on
myelin tissue
The purpose of myelin is to
insulate axons to increase the speed of electrical impulses.
____ allow ions to enter the neural cell.
Myelin sheaths
When a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell membrane is _____ and the outside of the cell membrane is _____.
negative; positive
When a neuron is depolarized, the inside of the cell membrane is ____ and the outside of the cell membrane is ____.
positive; positive
The structures at the end of the axon are called
terminal buttons
Cocaine and amphetamines mainly affect which neurotransmitters?
dopamine
The neurotransmitter most associated with love and bonding is
oxytocin
What is the difference between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
MRI does not allow researchers to examine the brain in action, whereas fMRI does.
The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to visual stimuli is the
occipital
The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to auditory stimuli is the
temporal
Parkinson disease is associated with damage to
basal ganglia
The lobe of the cerebral cortex associated with personality is the
frontal
The part of the brain that acts as a central relay station is the
thalamus
The somatosensory cortex is located in which area of the brain?
parietal lobe
Broca’s area plays an important role in _____, whereas Wernicke’s area plays an important role in _____.
speech production; speech comprehension
The corpus callosum is responsible for
relaying information between the right and left hemispheres.
Which of the following is known as “the master gland”?
pituitary gland
