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AP Psych > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

a part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up bodily processes

A

sympathetic

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2
Q

a part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

a bodily system that releases hormones in the bloodstream to regulate certain organs

A

endocrine system

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4
Q

this process occurs when a presynaptic or sending neuron reabsorbs unused neurotransmitters in the synapse

A

reuptake

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5
Q

motor neurons travel through ___ nerves carrying info away from the central nervous system

A

efferent nerves

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6
Q

a type of neurotransmitter that when reduced could lead to Alzheimers

A

Acetycholine

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7
Q

a type of neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure

A

endorphins

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8
Q

considered to be the master gland controlling other glands

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary movements such as heart beat and respiration

A

autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

nervous system that connects the body to the central nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system

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11
Q

neurons that travel through the peripheral nervous system carrying info out from the central nervous system to muscles, enabling movement

A

motor neurons

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12
Q

drug deigned to mimic a neurotransmitter

A

agonist

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13
Q

drug designed to block or stop the action of a neurotransmitter

A

antagonist

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14
Q

the brain and spinal cord make up the ____

A

central nervous system

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15
Q

sensory neurons travel through ___ nerves carrying info to the central nervous system

A

afferent nerves

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16
Q

neurons that sense info from the environment and travel through the peripheral nervous system carrying info to the central nervous system

A

sensory nerves

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17
Q

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements

A

somatic nervous system

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18
Q

refers to the -70 charge in which a neuron sits waiting to fire an action potential

A

resting potential

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19
Q

part of a neuron that receives info from other neurons

A

dendrites

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20
Q

part of a neuron that sends info to other neurons

A

axon

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21
Q

a brief electrical charge enabling a neuron to communicate with other neurons through the release of a neurotransmitter

A

action potential

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22
Q

chemical messengers that travel across a synapse

A

neurotransmitters

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23
Q

gap between neurons that neurotransmitters must cross

A

synapse

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24
Q

period in which a neuron cannot fire an action potential due to the charge being below -70

A

refractory period

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25
Q

insulation of a neuron allowing neural speed to increase; disintegration of this could lead to multiple sclerosis

A

myelin sheath

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26
Q

refers to how a neuron fires each time with the same intensity

A

all-or-none response

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27
Q

a scanning technique that uses a radioactive glucose to observe the functioning of the brain

A

pet scan

28
Q

part of the hindbrain that coordinates movements and balance

A

cerebellum

29
Q

part of the brain involved in spoken language

A

brocas area

30
Q

part of the hindbrain that controls movements on the left and right side of the body and is responsible for dreams

A

pons

31
Q

part of the brain that enables language comprehension

A

wernickes area

32
Q

part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

33
Q

lobes that process auditory info

A

temporal lobes

34
Q

part of the limbic system linked to fear and emotions

A

amygdala

35
Q

part of hindbrain that controls heartbeat and breathing

A

medulla

36
Q

part of hindbrain that controls wakefulness and arousal

A

reticular formation

37
Q

part of brain that links the endocrine system to the brain and maintains eating, drinking, and body temp

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

part of limbic system that processes new memories

A

hippocampus

39
Q

lobes that process bodily info such as touch

A

parietal lobes

40
Q

relay center for sensory info except smell

A

thalamus

41
Q

lobes that are involved in planning, thinking, and emotional control

A

frontal lobes

42
Q

lobes that process visual info

A

occipital lobes

43
Q

refers to the inability to produce and understand speech

A

aphasia

44
Q

brain hemisphere that processes language

A

left hemisphere

45
Q

Nerves that carry information from other parts of the body to the brain are called

A

afferent nerves

46
Q

Your brain knows that you have stubbed your toe because

A

afferent nerves transfer that information to the brain

47
Q

When you are in danger, which part of the nervous system is responsible for your heart rate increasing?

A

he sympathetic nervous system

48
Q

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information is the

A

dendrites

49
Q

Multiple sclerosis is caused by lesions on

A

myelin tissue

50
Q

The purpose of myelin is to

A

insulate axons to increase the speed of electrical impulses.

51
Q

____ allow ions to enter the neural cell.

A

Myelin sheaths

52
Q

When a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell membrane is _____ and the outside of the cell membrane is _____.

A

negative; positive

53
Q

When a neuron is depolarized, the inside of the cell membrane is ____ and the outside of the cell membrane is ____.

A

positive; positive

54
Q

The structures at the end of the axon are called

A

terminal buttons

55
Q

Cocaine and amphetamines mainly affect which neurotransmitters?

A

dopamine

56
Q

The neurotransmitter most associated with love and bonding is

A

oxytocin

57
Q

What is the difference between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

A

MRI does not allow researchers to examine the brain in action, whereas fMRI does.

58
Q

The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to visual stimuli is the

A

occipital

59
Q

The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to auditory stimuli is the

A

temporal

60
Q

Parkinson disease is associated with damage to

A

basal ganglia

61
Q

The lobe of the cerebral cortex associated with personality is the

A

frontal

62
Q

The part of the brain that acts as a central relay station is the

A

thalamus

63
Q

The somatosensory cortex is located in which area of the brain?

A

parietal lobe

64
Q

Broca’s area plays an important role in _____, whereas Wernicke’s area plays an important role in _____.

A

speech production; speech comprehension

65
Q

The corpus callosum is responsible for

A

relaying information between the right and left hemispheres.

66
Q

Which of the following is known as “the master gland”?

A

pituitary gland

AP Psych (3 decks)

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