chapter 3: 消毒灭菌与病原微生物实验室生物安全 Flashcards

1
Q

消毒灭菌

A

物理或化学–>抑制或杀死–>环境,机体体表的微生物–>防止污染或传播。

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2
Q

灭菌

A

杀灭物体上所有微生物的方法(包括细菌芽胞、病毒和霉菌)。

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3
Q

消毒

A

杀死物体上或环境中的病原微生物,并不一定能杀死细菌芽胞或非病原微生物的方法

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4
Q

防腐

A

防止或抑制皮肤表面细菌生长繁殖的方法

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5
Q

清洁

A

通过去除一切污秽以减少微生物数量的过程

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6
Q

无菌操作

A

防止细菌进入人体或其他物品的操作技术

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7
Q

巴氏消毒法(pasteurization)

A

用较低温度杀灭液体中的病原菌或特定微生物,以保持物品中所需的不耐热成分不被破坏的消毒方法。

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8
Q

滤过除菌法(filtration)

A

使用物理阻留的方法除去液体或空气中的细菌、真菌,已达到无菌目的,但不能除去病毒和支原体。

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9
Q

D值(decimal reduction time)

A

在一定的条件下灭活90%最初的微生物群体所需的时间。

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