cell
smallest unit that can function independently and preform necessary functions of life
cell theory
- all living things are made of cells
- all cells arise from other, preexisting cells
- are the basic unit of life
eukaryotic cell
have membrane bound organelles
prokaryotic cell
cells that lack membrane bound organelles
membrane
encompasses the cell
cytoplasm
cells contents, cytosol
cell wall, in plants
protects and gives shape to cell
nucleus
membrane bound structure that contains linear strands of DNA
organelle
specialized structure
endosymbiosis theory
chloroplasts and mitochondria were free bodies but then were encompasses by a host cell and became an organelle.
- the host and organelle experience mutualism
chloroplasts
in plants, where photosynthesis occurs
mitochondria
convert energy stored in foods into a usable form
phospholipid bilayer
structure of a membrane
- two layers of phospholipids arranged tail to tail
- hydrophilic head regions face watery fluid
lysosomes
round, membrane enclosed, acid filled, vesicles that dispose of garbage
smooth ER
synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules
Rough ER
modifies proteins for distribution throughout organism
Golgi apparatus
processes and packages proteins lipids, and other molecules
symbiosis
ecological relationship between organisms
mutualism
ecological relationships in which both organisms benefit from the relationship
