Chapter 2

Question 1

Why is chemistry important in biology?

Answer 1

all matter is made up of atoms/ chemical processes and reactions underlie all biological relationshps

Question 2

why is carbon important?

Answer 2

important for biological processes

• can form many different bonds
• all known life is carbon based

Question 3

what are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 3

formed between an atom in one molecule and another atom in another molecule

Question 4

why is water special?

Answer 4

• cohesion
• high heat capacity
• low density as a solid- lattice structure
• good solvent

Question 5

cohesion

Answer 5

molecules hold together, surface tension

Question 6

acids

Answer 6

pH below 7, more H+ ions

Question 7

bases

Answer 7

pH above 7, more OH- ions

Question 8

isotopes

Answer 8

elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 9

radioactive

Answer 9

break down spontaneously

Question 10

molecules

Answer 10

groups of atoms held together by bonds

Question 11

macromolecule

Answer 11

large molecule made up from smaller building blocks or subunits

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 12

carbohydrates

Answer 12

molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: primary fuel for running all cellular machinery and for structure of cells

Question 13

monosaccharides

Answer 13

simple sugars

- glucose is important - fuel, converted to fat

Question 14

disaccharides

Answer 14

two simple sugars bonded together

Question 15

polysaccharides

Answer 15

complex carbohydrates

-starch

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

made primarily from atoms of carbon hydrogen and oxygen

• more stored energy
• dont dissolve in water

Question 17

hydrophilic

Answer 17

water loving, attracts water

Question 18

hydrophobic

Answer 18

repels water

Question 19

types of lipids

Answer 19

fats
sterol - growth and development
cholesterol - cell membranes
phospholipids - major component of membrane

Question 20

saturated fat

Answer 20

max number of hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon chain

Question 21

unsaturated fat

Answer 21

some carbon atoms are bound to a single hydrogen

Question 22

protein

Answer 22

building blocks of life

- builders

Question 23

enzymes

Answer 23

molecules that help initiate and accelerate chemical reactions in bodies
- type of protein

Question 24

nucleic acid

Answer 24

macromolecules that store information

RNA, DNA