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Materials > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Allotropy.

A

The possibility of existence of two or more different crystal structures for a substance.

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2
Q

Define Amorphous.

A

Having a noncrystalline structure.

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3
Q

Define Anisotropy.

A

Exhibiting different values of a property in different crystallographic directions.

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4
Q

What is the Atomic Packing Factor?

A

The fraction of the volume of a unit cell that is occupied by ‘hard sphere’ atoms or ions.

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5
Q

What does Body Centered Cubic mean?

A

A common crystal structure found in some elemental metals. Within the cubic unit cell, atoms are located at corner and cell center positions.

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6
Q

What is Bragg’s Law?

A

A relationship which stipulates the conditions for diffraction by a set of crystallographic planes.

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7
Q

What is a coordination number?

A

The number of atomic or ionic nearest neighbours.

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8
Q

What is a crystal structure?

A

For crystalline materials, the manner in which atoms or ions are arranged in space. It is defined in terms of the unit cell geometry and the atom positions within the unit cell.

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9
Q

What is a crystal system?

A

A scheme by which crystal structures are classified according to unit cell geometry. This geometry is specified in terms of the relationships edge lengths and interaxial angles. There are 7 different crystal systems.

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10
Q

Define crystalline.

A

The state of a solid material characterized by a periodic and repeating three dimensional array of atoms, ions or molecules.

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11
Q

What is diffraction?

A

Constructive interference of x-ray beams that are scattered by atoms of a crystal.

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12
Q

What does Face-Centered-Cubic mean?

A

A crystal structure found in some of the common elemental metals. Within the cubic unit cell, atoms are located at all corner and face-centered positions.

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13
Q

What is a grain?

A

An individual crystal in a polycrystalline metal or ceramic.

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14
Q

What is a grain boundary?

A

The interface separating two adjoining grains having different crystallographic orientations.

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15
Q

What does Hexagonal-Close-Packed mean?

A

A crystal structure found for some metals. The HCP unit cell is of hexagonal geometry and is generated by the stacking of close-packed planes of atoms.

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16
Q

Define isotropic.

A

Having identical values of a property in all crystallographic directions.

17
Q

What is a lattice?

A

The regular geometrical arrangement of points in a crystal structure.

18
Q

What are lattice parameters?

A

The combination of unit cell edge lengths and interaxial angles that defines the unit cell geometry.

19
Q

What are Miller Indices?

A

A set of three integers (4 for HCP) that designate crystallographic planes, as determined from reciprocals of fractional axial intercepts.

20
Q

Define noncrystalline.

A

The solid state wherein there is no long range atomic order. Sometimes the terms amorphous, glassy and vitreous are used synonymously.

21
Q

Define polycrystalline.

A

Referring to crystalline materials that are composed of more than one crystal or grain.

22
Q

Define polymorphism.

A

The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or structure.

23
Q

What does single crystal mean?

A

A crystalline solid for which the periodic and repeated atomic pattern extends throughout its entirety without interruption.

24
Q

What is a unit cell?

A

The basic structural unit of a crystal structure. It is generally defined in terms of atom positions within a parallelepiped volume.

25
Q

What is the unit cell edge length for FCC structures?

A
26
Q

What is the formula for the atomic packing factor?

A
27
Q

What is the unit cell edge length for BCC structures?

A
28
Q

What is the formula for the theoretical density of metals?

A
29
Q

What is the formula for linear density?

A
30
Q

What is the formula for planar density?

A

Materials (5 decks)

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