Chapter 3-4- Opposition to the Church Flashcards
What was Thomas More’s most famous work, and when was it published?
Utopia, 1516
When and why was Thomas More executed?
6th July 1536, for refusing the oath of Succession, and that Henry was head of state.
When did Thomas More become Lord Chancellor
1529
What were Thomas More’s religious and ideological beliefs?
Humanist and Catholic. Staunchly against Luther and protestantism.
Why was Erasmus so influential?
He travelled across Europe teaching his ideas and interacted with many influential humanists. HIs published books were well known and popular.
Why was John Colet influential?
He was a well respected priest and`very vocal
What was Erasmus’ famous satire called, and when was it published?
‘The praise of Folie’ 1509
What book did Erasmus write clarifying his theological position and attacking Luther?
On the freedom of the Will
What is the difference between Lutherans and Lollards?
Hold similar beliefs on Church and Bibles and priests, Lutherans were more extreme and sought a new Church system whereas lollards generally only wanted to reform the Catholic Church
What were the key beliefs of the Humanists?
Humanists wanted to revisit the original greek and latin texts to form a purer religion closer to the original Bible
What were the key beliefs of Lutherans
Remove corruption in the church, highlight the importance of an individual to form their own relationship with God, not through a priest.
Why did Lollards fail to make a significant impact?
Lollards had to hide their ideas or be punished with execution for heresy. it only spreads amongst literate tradespeople.
Who was John Wycliffe and what did he do?
C12- A lollard who criticised monasticism and the Pope. Wrote Summa Theologiae. Translated the Bible. Tried for heresy, but not found guilty
Who was William Tyndale and what did he do
1494-1536- Translated bible to English and printed using Gutenberg’s printing press in 1526. Believed the Pope lacked spiritual authority. Flees to Netherlands, but caught and burned by More as a heretic in 1536.
Who was Martin Luther?
A german monk who criticised the Catholic Church and kickstarted the Protestant reformation.
When did Martin Luther nail his criticisms to Wittenberg cathedral
1521
What fee did Richard Hunne refuse to pay?
mortuary fee
When did Richard Hunne’s child die?
1511
When was Hunne imprisoned, and where was he kept?
October 1514, Lollard’s tower.
Which bishop questioned Hunne?
Fitzjames, Bishop of London
Where was Hunne found dead?
Hung in his cell,
When did criticisms of the clergy begin to get more vocal?
1529-40, as Henry’s government began to attack the church
Which professions were the most vocal in opposition to the clergy?
Those involved in trade and manufacture, who lived in towns and cities. People in the cloth trade would be exposed to protestant ideas in the Netherlands.
What behaviours of the clergy were criticised in particular?
simony, nepotism and absenteeism
What was simony?
The sale of an ecclesiastical title, often done by those in possession of multiple bishoprics
What was Absenteeism?
The practice of not being present in your bishopric for services. often bishops would be replaced by poorly trained and illiterate nobles.
What was nepotism?
The passing on of ecclesiastical titles to family members
What was the ‘benefit of the clergy’?
The privilege of clergymen to be tried in church courts, often abused by semi literate priests who would quote ‘neck phrases’ to avoid execution.
