Chapter 3-4- Opposition to the Church Flashcards

1
Q

What was Thomas More’s most famous work, and when was it published?

A

Utopia, 1516

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2
Q

When and why was Thomas More executed?

A

6th July 1536, for refusing the oath of Succession, and that Henry was head of state.

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3
Q

When did Thomas More become Lord Chancellor

A

1529

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4
Q

What were Thomas More’s religious and ideological beliefs?

A

Humanist and Catholic. Staunchly against Luther and protestantism.

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5
Q

Why was Erasmus so influential?

A

He travelled across Europe teaching his ideas and interacted with many influential humanists. HIs published books were well known and popular.

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6
Q

Why was John Colet influential?

A

He was a well respected priest and`very vocal

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7
Q

What was Erasmus’ famous satire called, and when was it published?

A

‘The praise of Folie’ 1509

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8
Q

What book did Erasmus write clarifying his theological position and attacking Luther?

A

On the freedom of the Will

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9
Q

What is the difference between Lutherans and Lollards?

A

Hold similar beliefs on Church and Bibles and priests, Lutherans were more extreme and sought a new Church system whereas lollards generally only wanted to reform the Catholic Church

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10
Q

What were the key beliefs of the Humanists?

A

Humanists wanted to revisit the original greek and latin texts to form a purer religion closer to the original Bible

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11
Q

What were the key beliefs of Lutherans

A

Remove corruption in the church, highlight the importance of an individual to form their own relationship with God, not through a priest.

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12
Q

Why did Lollards fail to make a significant impact?

A

Lollards had to hide their ideas or be punished with execution for heresy. it only spreads amongst literate tradespeople.

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13
Q

Who was John Wycliffe and what did he do?

A

C12- A lollard who criticised monasticism and the Pope. Wrote Summa Theologiae. Translated the Bible. Tried for heresy, but not found guilty

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14
Q

Who was William Tyndale and what did he do

A

1494-1536- Translated bible to English and printed using Gutenberg’s printing press in 1526. Believed the Pope lacked spiritual authority. Flees to Netherlands, but caught and burned by More as a heretic in 1536.

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15
Q

Who was Martin Luther?

A

A german monk who criticised the Catholic Church and kickstarted the Protestant reformation.

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16
Q

When did Martin Luther nail his criticisms to Wittenberg cathedral

17
Q

What fee did Richard Hunne refuse to pay?

A

mortuary fee

18
Q

When did Richard Hunne’s child die?

19
Q

When was Hunne imprisoned, and where was he kept?

A

October 1514, Lollard’s tower.

20
Q

Which bishop questioned Hunne?

A

Fitzjames, Bishop of London

21
Q

Where was Hunne found dead?

A

Hung in his cell,

22
Q

When did criticisms of the clergy begin to get more vocal?

A

1529-40, as Henry’s government began to attack the church

23
Q

Which professions were the most vocal in opposition to the clergy?

A

Those involved in trade and manufacture, who lived in towns and cities. People in the cloth trade would be exposed to protestant ideas in the Netherlands.

24
Q

What behaviours of the clergy were criticised in particular?

A

simony, nepotism and absenteeism

25
Q

What was simony?

A

The sale of an ecclesiastical title, often done by those in possession of multiple bishoprics

26
Q

What was Absenteeism?

A

The practice of not being present in your bishopric for services. often bishops would be replaced by poorly trained and illiterate nobles.

27
Q

What was nepotism?

A

The passing on of ecclesiastical titles to family members

28
Q

What was the ‘benefit of the clergy’?

A

The privilege of clergymen to be tried in church courts, often abused by semi literate priests who would quote ‘neck phrases’ to avoid execution.