Chapter 3-4- Opposition to the Church

Question 1

What was Thomas More’s most famous work, and when was it published?

Answer 1

Utopia, 1516

Question 2

When and why was Thomas More executed?

Answer 2

6th July 1536, for refusing the oath of Succession, and that Henry was head of state.

Question 3

When did Thomas More become Lord Chancellor

Answer 3

1529

Question 4

What were Thomas More’s religious and ideological beliefs?

Answer 4

Humanist and Catholic. Staunchly against Luther and protestantism.

Question 5

Why was Erasmus so influential?

Answer 5

He travelled across Europe teaching his ideas and interacted with many influential humanists. HIs published books were well known and popular.

Question 6

Why was John Colet influential?

Answer 6

He was a well respected priest and`very vocal

Question 7

What was Erasmus’ famous satire called, and when was it published?

Answer 7

‘The praise of Folie’ 1509

Question 8

What book did Erasmus write clarifying his theological position and attacking Luther?

Answer 8

On the freedom of the Will

Question 9

What is the difference between Lutherans and Lollards?

Answer 9

Hold similar beliefs on Church and Bibles and priests, Lutherans were more extreme and sought a new Church system whereas lollards generally only wanted to reform the Catholic Church

Question 10

What were the key beliefs of the Humanists?

Answer 10

Humanists wanted to revisit the original greek and latin texts to form a purer religion closer to the original Bible

Question 11

What were the key beliefs of Lutherans

Answer 11

Remove corruption in the church, highlight the importance of an individual to form their own relationship with God, not through a priest.

Question 12

Why did Lollards fail to make a significant impact?

Answer 12

Lollards had to hide their ideas or be punished with execution for heresy. it only spreads amongst literate tradespeople.

Question 13

Who was John Wycliffe and what did he do?

Answer 13

C12- A lollard who criticised monasticism and the Pope. Wrote Summa Theologiae. Translated the Bible. Tried for heresy, but not found guilty

Question 14

Who was William Tyndale and what did he do

Answer 14

1494-1536- Translated bible to English and printed using Gutenberg’s printing press in 1526. Believed the Pope lacked spiritual authority. Flees to Netherlands, but caught and burned by More as a heretic in 1536.

Question 15

Who was Martin Luther?

Answer 15

A german monk who criticised the Catholic Church and kickstarted the Protestant reformation.

Question 16

When did Martin Luther nail his criticisms to Wittenberg cathedral

Answer 16

1521

Question 17

What fee did Richard Hunne refuse to pay?

Answer 17

mortuary fee

Question 18

When did Richard Hunne’s child die?

Answer 18

1511

Question 19

When was Hunne imprisoned, and where was he kept?

Answer 19

October 1514, Lollard’s tower.

Question 20

Which bishop questioned Hunne?

Answer 20

Fitzjames, Bishop of London

Question 21

Where was Hunne found dead?

Answer 21

Hung in his cell,

Question 22

When did criticisms of the clergy begin to get more vocal?

Answer 22

1529-40, as Henry’s government began to attack the church

Question 23

Which professions were the most vocal in opposition to the clergy?

Answer 23

Those involved in trade and manufacture, who lived in towns and cities. People in the cloth trade would be exposed to protestant ideas in the Netherlands.

Question 24

What behaviours of the clergy were criticised in particular?

Answer 24

simony, nepotism and absenteeism

Question 25

What was simony?

Answer 25

The sale of an ecclesiastical title, often done by those in possession of multiple bishoprics

Question 26

What was Absenteeism?

Answer 26

The practice of not being present in your bishopric for services. often bishops would be replaced by poorly trained and illiterate nobles.

Question 27

What was nepotism?

Answer 27

The passing on of ecclesiastical titles to family members

Question 28

What was the ‘benefit of the clergy’?

Answer 28

The privilege of clergymen to be tried in church courts, often abused by semi literate priests who would quote ‘neck phrases’ to avoid execution.