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Chemistry > Chapter 3 & 4-Matter, Philosophers, and Isotopes > Flashcards

Chapter 3 & 4-Matter, Philosophers, and Isotopes Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

anything with mass that takes up space

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2
Q

Substance/Pure Substance

A

Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition
Has the same composition no matter where it’s taken from
ex. salt, pure water

Seawater and tap water are not pure substances since they can be different depending on where they are from

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3
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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4
Q

Physical Properties of Matter

A

characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition; describe pure substances
ex. density, color, odor, hardness, melting/boiling point

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5
Q

Extensive and intensive properties

A

1) Extensive properties: dependent on the amount of substance present
ex. mass
2) Intensive properties: independent on the amount of substance present
ex. density

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6
Q

Chemical Properties of Matter

A

ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

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7
Q

Physical Change

A

change which alters a substance w/out changing the composition
ex. cutting a block of wood

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8
Q

Phase Change

A

transition of one state of matter to another

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9
Q

Chemical Change/Reaction

A

when one or more substances change into new substances with new compositions and properties (starting substances are reactants and new substances are products)

reactants and products have different properties

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10
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Mass neither created nor destroyed during CHEMICAL reactions

Mass(reactants)=mass(products)

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11
Q

Solid

A

definite shape and volume

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12
Q

Liquid

A

takes shape of container

definite volume

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13
Q

Gas

A

indefinite shape

indefinite volume

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14
Q

Solid –> Liquid

A

melting

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15
Q

liquid –> gas

A

vaporization

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16
Q

liquid –> solid

A

freezing

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17
Q

gas –> liquid

A

condensation

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18
Q

solid –> gas

A

sublimation

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19
Q

gas –> solid

A

deposition

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20
Q

How do you know that a chemical reactions has occurred?

A
  1. Light produced
  2. Heat produced
  3. Color changes
  4. Smell changes
  5. A property changes (ex. mass, density, etc)
  6. Gas forms (ex. vinegar and baking soda)
  7. Precipitate Forms
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21
Q

Law of Definite Proportions

A

a compound will have a definite ratio by mass of the elements that are in it

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22
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

when different compounds are formed by the same combo of elements, the elements can combine in different whole # ratios

23
Q

Solution

A

homogeneous mixtures

24
Q

Element

A

pure substance that can’t be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

25
Q

Purifying Mixtures

A 
filtration
centrifugation
crystallization
distillation
using a funnel
chromatography
26
Q

filtration

A

separates suspensions (heterogeneous mixtures)
separates liquid from solids
pour mixture through funnel with a piece of filter paper
liquid that passes through=filtrate

27
Q

centrifugation

A

separating small amounts of suspension
suspension put into centrifuge tubes and spin around in a centrifuge
fast spinning motion forces the solid to the sink to bottom of tube

28
Q

Crystallization

A

forming crystals
hot concentrated solution is cooled (solvents cant hold all dissolved solids when cooled)
solubility differences separate one material from another

29
Q

Distillation

A

separate solid from a liquid, or 2 miscible liquids from each other
mixture heated and one liquid vaporizes (vapor made back to liquid with condenser)-differences in boiling points
can separate homogeneous mixtures

30
Q

Using a separating funnel

A

immiscible liquids

liquid with higher density forms lowest layer

31
Q

chromatography

A

paper chromatography, 2 factors:

  1. absorption of substance on paper
  2. solubility of substance in solvent
32
Q

Democritus

A

proposed that matter was composed of small indivisible particles called atoms
believed that there was a different atom for each material

33
Q

Dalton

A

matter composed of atoms
atoms of same element are identical
atom is the smallest particle and can’t be broken down
elements combine in mall, whole # ratios to form compounds
atoms break apart, combine, or rearrange to form compounds

34
Q

Thomson

A

discovered e’s: determined it’s charge to mass ratio
plum pudding/choco chip cookie dough model
determined proton’s mass
discovered isotopes

35
Q

Rutherford

A

Gold Foil Experiment
nucleus was a small dense core inside the atom mostly of empty space
nucleus is a proton which balances the negative e’s

36
Q

Chadwick

A

neutrons

37
Q

Millikan

A

oil drop experiment: determined e’s charge

38
Q

Bohr

A

e’s travel in definite energy levels around nucleus

39
Q

Planck

A

electromagnetic energy’s radiated in small packets called quanta

40
Q

of p’s = __________ = # of ___

A

atomic number

electrons

41
Q

Atomic mass

A

average of all of the elements isotopes

42
Q

Mass Number

A 
# of protons + # of neutrons
atomic mass rounded to the nearest whole #
43
Q

How to write elements in symbolic notation

A

(Look at Skitch)

44
Q

Isotope

A

same # of p’s, different # of neutrons

45
Q

Which isotope (ligher or heavier) reacts faster in chemical reactions?

A

lighter

46
Q

3 Types of Radiation

A
  1. Alpha Decay
  2. Beta
  3. Gamma Ray
47
Q

nuclear reaction

A

reactions that involves a change in the nucleus

48
Q

radioactivity

A

process by which some substances spontaneously emit radiation

49
Q

Alpha Decay, Beta, and Gamma Ray

A

look at Skitch

50
Q

Vapor

A

gas of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temp

ex. steam

51
Q

Mixture

A

combo of 2 or more pure substances in which the substances retain its individual chemical properties

52
Q

Types of solutions

A 
gas-gas
liquid-liquid
solid-solid
gas-liquid
solid-liquid
solid-gas
53
Q

Alloy

A

homogeneous mixture of metals
OR
mixture of metal and a nonmetal in which the metal is the major component

Chemistry (5 decks)

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