Chapter 3&4 Exam Flashcards
Each retina of the eye has about ________ million rods.
100
Which is the BEST description of the skin senses?
They have to do with touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
The gestalt principle of proximity is the tendency ________.
to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping
Receptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision and fine acuity are ________.
cones
Larry has been told by his doctor that he is experiencing ________ due to hair cells that were destroyed as a result of loud sounds.
nerve hearing impairment
The longest wavelengths we can see are experienced as ________ colors.
red
Similarity is the tendency to perceive ________.
things that look similar as being part of the same group
Which condition is an age-related decline in the ability of the lens to accommodate to different distances of visual stimuli?
Presbyopia
The bone that is situated next to the eardrum is called the ________; the bone that sits next to to the oval window is called the ________.
hammer (malleus); stirrup (stapes)
The term photon refers to ________.
a tiny packet of light waves
When you first put your hat on, you can feel it quite easily, but after a while, you forget that you are wearing a hat at all—the sensation is gone. What happens?
habituation
Where are the taste receptors located?
on the taste buds
Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ________.
binocular cues
Closing your eyes and then touching your nose with your forefinger most accurately illustrates which of the following?
kinesthetic sense
The ability to see the world in three dimensions is called ________.
depth perception
Which of the following phenomena is a function of the distribution of the rods and cones in the retina?
A dim star viewed at night may disappear when you look directly at it, but reappear when you look to one side of it.
The minimal stimulus necessary for detection is called the ________, while the smallest noticeable change in a stimulus is referred to as ________.
absolute threshold; difference threshold
Conduction hearing impairment refers to hearing problems that originate in the ________.
eardrum and middle ear
LaVerne looks at the tongue of her friend and sees all kinds of bumps on it. “Girl,” she says, “you sure have a lot of ________.”
papillae
The cilia in the nasal cavity act in a manner similar to taste buds in that they ________.
contain receptor sites that are stimulated by different molecules
We can see a candle flame at 30 miles on a clear, dark night, and we can hear the tick of a watch 20 feet away in a quiet room. These two facts are examples of ________.
absolute thresholds
The process by which outside stimuli, in their various forms of energy, are converted into neural signals is called ________.
transduction
The average person’s skin is about _____.
20 square feet in size
Fluid located in the cochlea is set in motion and causes vibration in the _________.
basilar membrane
Who actually found three types of cones in the retina?
Wald and Brown
Which research stated in his book, Finding Meaning in Dreams, that the nature of a person’s dreams may be influenced by the “personality” of their culture.
Domhoff
What used to be called “the gentle tyrant”?
sleep
All of the following are signs of physical dependence related to cocaine EXCEPT_______.
obsessing about where to buy it
Mary is having insomnia. Which piece of advice would you give to help her deal with it?
Don’t do anything but sleep in your bed.
Chemicals that can alter thinking, perception, and memory are called ________.
psychoactive drugs
A student nurse looks at a patient’s chart and does not understand the meaning of serious sleep apnea, so she asks the head nurse for assistance. How might the head nurse describe this condition?
The patient has a potentially life-threatening condition in which air does not flow into or out of his nose or mouth for periods of time while he is asleep.
Which of the following indicators reflects the possibility of physical dependence?
drug tolerance
Our sleep-wake cycle follows a(n) ________rhythm.
circadian
Sleep spindles appear during ________ sleep.
Stage 2 (N2)
Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning the concept of sex and dreams?
Research reports that men and women differ in the things they dream about.
The hypothalamus controls the ________.
sleep-wake cycle
A client tells his therapist about a dream in which he drives his wife to the airport where she boards a plane. As the plane takes off, he is smiling. The therapist says the dream suggests a desire for a divorce. The therapist’s interpretation represents what Sigmund Freud called the dream’s ________.
latent content
________, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.
Melatonin
Russell needs more of the drug he has been using to get the normal high he got when he first started. Russell is experiencing ________.
drug tolerance
LSD is similar to which of the following drugs?
PCP
Both MDMA (or Ecstasy) and PCP have recently been reclassified as ________ hallucinogenic drugs.
stimulatory
Which of the following neurotransmitters are associated with alcohol?
GABA
The restorative theory views sleep as ________.
helping the body repair the wear and tear of the day’s events
A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is approximately 24 hours long is called a(n) ________ cycle.
circadian
If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?
Stage 2 (N2)
According to this theory, sleep is a product of evolution.
adaptive theory
Each of the following is a sleep disorder EXCEPT ________.
REM rebound
A client tells his therapist about a dream of riding on a train with his boss. At the end of the journey, the boss gets off the train at a terminal. The therapist suggests that the “terminal” in the dream indicates an unconscious desire by the client to “terminate” his boss. This desire to terminate the boss, if it exists, would reflect what Freud called the ________ content of the dream.
latent
SCN stands for ________.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
According to Sigmund Freud, the important underlying meaning of our dreams is found in the ________.
latent content
