Chapter 3, 4, 5 Flashcards
Define Culture Shock
the psychological discomfort you experience when you must interact in a new culture.
the psychological discomfort you experience when you must interact in a new culture.
Define Culture
the system of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and orientations learned through communication that guides what is considered to be appropriate thought and behavior in a particular segment of the population
Define Values
the commonly accepted preference for some states of affairs over others.the commonly accepted preference for some states of affairs over others.
Define Co-cultures
cultures that exist side by side with the dominant culture and comprise smaller numbers of people who hold common values, attitudes, beliefs, and orientations that differ from those of the dominant culture.
Define Code-switch
to alter linguistic and nonverbal patters to conform to the dominant or co-culture depending on the topics or the participants in a conversation.
Define Ethinicity
a classification of people based on shared national characteristics such as country of birth, geographic origin, language, religion, ancestral customs, and traditions.
Define Social Class
a level in the power of hierarchy of a society whose membership is based on income, education, occupation, and social habits.
Define Low-Context culture
a culture a culture in which message meanings are usually encoded in the verbal part of the message.
Define High-context culture
a culture in which much of the real meaning of a message is indirect and can only be accurately decoded by referring to unwritten culture rules and subtle nonverbal behavior
Define Assumption of similarities
This refers to our tendency to think how we behave and act is the universally accepted rule of behavior. When someone differs, we have a negative view of them.
Define Language Differences
Problems occur when there is an inability to understand what the other is saying because different languages are being spoken. Talking the same language itself can sometimes lead to discrepancies as some words have different meanings in various contexts, countries or cultures.
Define Nonverbal Misinterpretation
The way we dress, the way we express ourselves through our body language, eye contact and gestures also communicates something. A simple gesture like nodding the head is considered to be YES in certain cultures and NO in others
Define Preconceptions and Stereotype
Stereotypes involve putting people into pre-defined slots based on our image of how we think they are or should be. It may consist of a set of characteristics that we assume that all members of a group share.
Define Tendency to evaluate
Humans tend to make sense of the behavior and communication of others by analyzing them from one’s own cultural point of view without taking into consideration why the other person is behaving or communicating a certain way.
Define High Anxiety
Sometimes being confronted with a different cultural perspective will create an anxious state in an individual who does not know how to act or behave and what is considered to be appropriate
Define Qualifying Language
Language that indicates where a statement applies and does not apply, or indicates appropriate uncertainty about where it should apply.
Define Jargon
Technical terminology whose meaning is understood by only a select group of people in a specialized speech community based on shared activities or interests.
Define Speech Act
The action that the speaker takes by uttering a verbal message.
Define Cooperative Principle
conversational partners are able to understand what others mean to do with their verbal messages because they assume that their partners will cooperate to share meaning.
Define Verbal Message
A message conveyed using language.
Define Language
A symbolic system used by people to communicate verbal or written messages.
Define Lexicon
the collection of words and expressions in a language.
Define Phonology
the sounds used to pronounce words.
Define Syntax and grammar
the rules for combining words into larger units of expression.
Define Language community
all people who can speak or understand a particular language.
Define Semantic Meaning
a meaning of a verbal message derived from the language itself
Define Words
the arbitrarily chosen symbols used by a language or speech community to name or signify.
Define Denotation
the direct, explicit meaning of a word found in a written dictionary of the language community.
Connotation-the feeling or evaluations we personally associate with a word
Define Concrete Language
Words that describe something that can be sensed.
Define Precise Words
Words that identify a smaller grouping within a larger category.
Define Describing Feelings
The skill of verbally owning and explaining the precise feelings you are experiencing.
Define Linguistic Sensitivity
Using language that respects others while avoiding language that offends.
Define Pragmatic Meaning
Meaning of a verbal message that arises from understanding the practical consequences of an utterance.
Define Maxim of quality
the assumption that others will tell the truth.
Define maxim of quantity
the assumption that others will provide an appropriate amount of information.
Define Maxim of manner
the assumption that others will say things in an orderly way.
Define maxim of Relevance
the assumption that others will respond in coherent ways to what has been previously said
Define Face
Our public self-image, or how we want others to view us
Define Politeness
Language strategies that show concern for face.
Define Sociolinguistic Meaning
The meaning of a verbal message that varies according to the language norms and expectations of a particular cultural or co-cultural group.
Define Idioms
Expressions used by members of a language or speech community whose meaning differs from the usual meanings associated with that combination of words.
Define Mindfulness
The process of drawing novel/unique distinctions
Define Nonverbal Communication
Codes of communication consisting symbols that are not words, including non word vocalizations.
What are the 8 types of nonverbal communication
Kinesics - body position & motion
Haptics - touch
Physical appearance
Artifacts - personal objects
Environmental factors
Proxemics - use of space
Chronemics - time
Paralanguage- how we speak silence
