Chapter 3 + 4 Flashcards
Maos Attack on landlords
Mao felt rich landlords who bullied peasants should be punished
He issued the agrarian reform law in 1950
The property of landlords was given to peasants
The property of enemies of the state was confiscated (chinag Kai sheks property)
Villages held meetings where turned of landlords and outbreaks of violence followed
It is estimated that 1 million landlords were executed
Teh collectivisation of agriculture
Once the landlords had been removed peasants were encouraged to form mutual aid teams where ten families worked and lived in a farm together
The next stage was teh introduction of the APC Thsi was a larger scale movement where 30-50 families worked and lived on a farm
Mao believed it was the most important and effective way to produce food
It boosted the need for machinery and increased industry
Collective farms
Mao issued collective farms as he feared the peasants in teh APC programme were slowing china’s industrialisation
Mao made sure Thsi way the food was sent into cities
It was forced on peasants and they reacted by reducing production
Led to a famine
The great famine causes
Teh four Noe’s campaign - messed up fppd chain led to insects damaging crops
Peasants had no inscentuve as no profit
Fear - communist officials did not tell Mao about the failures
Natural causes - draught and floods
The first five year plan
Mao wanted to develop chinas industry and modernise the country
Set targets of rapid expansion in the production of coal, iron and steel
Successfully
Showed that communist system was better than capitalist system
The Great Leap Forward (second five year plan ) key features
Involvement of whole population to achieve targets. Enthusiasm of workers shown my choice of manual labour over mechanic
The collectivisation of agriculture
Backyard furnaces -families me,ted their metal implements
Massive projects - giant bridges, damns and canals were built
Shown in newspapers as communist results
Greta leap forward failure
Collectivism failed and 50 million died of famine
Steel produced in backyard furnaces was poor and had to be thrown away
Production in business decreased
Soveit experts left china but teh Chinese could not manage without them
Mao resigned
Changes in teh role of woman
Marriage law:
Arranged marriage and payment of dowry was banned
Both men and women had equal rights in divorce
Infacticide was forbidden
Family life:
Contraceptives introduced
Childbirth became safer
Political changes Mao
Every adult had the right to vote
Elections were held across the country in towns and villages
It was claimed that power was in the hands of the people
Reality :
Communist party was only political party allowed
The hundred flowers campaign
Free speech/expression
Critics M grew
Ended campaign
Launched anti rightist campaign
Critics labelled as rightists and sent to reeducation camps
Mao stepped down as head of state
Sino soveit relations
Pro use of aid in event of attack
A loan of 300 mill dollars
A list of all soveit agents in China
Helped economic development
Allowed china to produce nuclear power
Trained china on how to build warheads
Relationship declined
No more help
Soveits political influences
Khrushchev announced destalisniation
Critisced maos regime
Relationship declined
Believe soveits wanted to spy on China
Maos motives for the cultural revolution
Ensure a continuous revolution
To provide a test for young people
To remove self satisfied bearcats
To remove opponents in the CCP who did not support Maos policies
Key features of revolution- Mass mobilisation of young people
Mobilised young to carry out ideas around the cultural revolution
Big character poster written by Mao himself published - calling on the young to attack revisionist in the CCP in a Bonnard the headquarters campaign
Organised eight mass rallies in tinamen square
Encouraged in speech to attack revonists of CCP and all aspects of China that were considered to be old
Key features attack on the four olds
Launched campaign against :
Old habits
Old ideas
Old culture
Old customs
Young people were encouraged to attack all features of the four olds in China
They attacked churches and cultural sites
Raided people homes for possessions associated with the old bougerius such as books and jewellery
It was only the presence of the PLA that stopped them from destroying the forbidden palace
The red guards
People who executed Maos instructions
Wore military uniform
Wore leather belt witch was used to whip their victims
Mass growth in numbers
Could travel free in railways
Was legal way to get revenge
Cruel - held victims arms back until they confessed if they didn’t they were beaten
The cult of Mao and the little red book
Personality cult - gave Mao special status and involved the worship of him
Pictures and statues
Made young people devote themselves to the task of saving China from the revonists
Mao described as “red sun rising from the east “
Little red book was published with Maos well known sayings for the PLA
Every red guard had one and it was used as a guidance for behaviour
Mao souvenirs began to be issued
One man even made a whole in his chest to put his Mao badge so he could be close to his heart
Education cr
Students turned in their teachers as they saw them as the four olds
Schools and universities closed down so they could execute Maos ideals
The PLA and the end of violence
Eventually china had fallen into near anarchy
The red guards had turned on one another
Mao ordered the military to destroy the redgaurds and regain control
Bloody purge of red guards
Reopens schools
Bodies began to appear in Hong Kong beaches
Up to teh mountains and down to the villages
Mao wanted to end violence in cities so issued new campaign where he sent them up to the country side and learn how peasants lived
Mao always believed peasants were the root of the revolution
This would give the PLA more control due to the large number of communes in the country side
The removal of opposition
Purge was successful
Liu was arrested and died in prison
The impact of the cr on Maos position
Much more powerful
Impact of cr on chinas economy
Negative
Managers whose loyalty to communism was suspected were removed and replaced with insufficient
Trains used normally to transports good were filed with red guards
Steel production,iron production and coal production all dropped
The effect of the sino soveit split on the economy
Mao announced china needed to be independent “waking on two legs”
Mao accused soveits of being revonists
Khrushchev removed soveit support
200 projects were destroyed soveits destroyed all nuclear energy documents halting it in China
Mao turned to Africa for support and paid them 2million dollars in loans
China became friends with the us and pointed their nukes towards the soveits
The rise and fall of the grange of four
Mao was nearing the end of his life and led to a struggle of power in the party as rival’s fought for succession
