Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What determines the energy and penetrating power of radiation?

A

wavelength

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2
Q

X-rays with shorter wavelengths are ___, have more ___ and more ___ power.

A

stronger; energy; penetrating

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3
Q

What is used to describe the mean energy and penetrating power of an x-ray beam?

A

quality

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4
Q

what is controlled by kilovoltage?

A

quality

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5
Q

what is a measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges?

A

voltage

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6
Q

If voltage is ___ , the ___ of electrons is increased.

A

increased; speed

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7
Q

T/F. Electrons strike targets with greater force and energy resulting in penetrating x-rays and short wavelengths.

A

true

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8
Q

1 kV = ___ volts

A

1000

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9
Q

T/F. The greater the kV, the less penetrating dental x-rays are. They use less energy and have longer wavelengths.

A

False, the greater the kV, the MORE penetrating dental x-rays are. They use MORE energy and have SHORTER wavelengths.

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10
Q

Today’s units use ___ - ___ kV.

A

60 - 70

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11
Q

What does 70 kVp mean?

A

the peak/maximum voltage is 70,000 volts of an alternating current (AC)

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12
Q

kV regulates ___ across the x-ray tube and controls the ___ of electrons.

A

voltage; speed

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13
Q

what is the overall darkness or blackness of an image.

A

density

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14
Q

high kV = ___ density = too ___

low kV = ___ density = too ___

A

high; dark

low; light

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15
Q

What refers to how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image?

A

contrast

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16
Q

high contrast = ___ kVp

low contrast = ___ kVp

A

low

high

17
Q

What controls the length of exposures in impulses or seconds?

A

exposure time

18
Q

60 impulses = ___ seconds
30 impulses = ___ seconds
15 impulses = ___ seconds

A
  1. 00
  2. 25
  3. 25
19
Q

kV = quaLity and mA = quaNity

A

k-l-m-n

20
Q

what measures the number of electrons flowing thru the cathode filament?

A

ampere

21
Q

Increasing amperage ___ number of electrons traveling from cathode to anode.

A

increases

22
Q

What controls the temperature of the cathode filament?

A

milliampere (mA)

23
Q

What milliampere produces an excessive amount of heat?

A

> 15 mA, today’s units 6-8 mA

24
Q

what controls the amount of current that flows through the cathode filament?

A

milliampere (mA)

25
Q

The higher mA, the ___ the filament temperature and the ___ the number/quanity of electrons.

A

higher; greater

26
Q

high mA = ___ density = too ___

low mA = ___ density = too ___

A

high; dark

low; light

27
Q

Exposure time and mA are ___ related.

A

inversely
increase mA = decreases time
decrease mA = increase time

28
Q

Define intensity.

A

quantity x quality / area x exposure rate

29
Q

T/F. Increases in kV, mA, time and distance all increase intensity.

A

False, kV, mA, and time increase intensity. Distance DECREASES intensity

30
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of radiation

31
Q

if the distance is DOUBLED —- beam is ___ as intense
if the distance is HALVED —- beam is ___ as intense
If the distance is TRIPLED —- beam is ___ as intense
If the distance is QUADRUPLED —- beam is ___ as intense

A

1/4
4 times
1/9
1/16

32
Q

If the PID length is changed from 8” to 16” (doubled) how is the intensity of the beam affected?

A

1/4 as intense

33
Q

if the PID length is changed from 16” to 8” (halved), how is the intensity of the beam affected?

A

4 times as intense

34
Q

The thickness of ___ placed in the path of the x-ray beam reduces the intensity by 1/2

A

aluminum

35
Q

What does it mean if an x-ray beam with a half-value layer (hvl) of 2.7mm?

A

that a thickness of 2.7mm of aluminum is placed in the path of the beam to reduce the intensity by 1/2

36
Q

Aluminum filters are place in the path of the beam to remove ___ energy x-rays.

A

low