Chapter 3

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

The set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group

Question 2

ethical behaviour

Answer 2

behaviour that conforms to a society’s accepted principles of right and wrong

Question 3

workplace deviance

Answer 3

unethical behaviour that violates organizational norms about right and wrong

Question 4

production deviance

Answer 4

unethical behaviour that hurts the quality of work produced

Question 5

property deviance

Answer 5

unethical behaviour aimed at the organization’s property

Question 6

skrinage

Answer 6

employee theft of company merchandise

Question 7

political deviance

Answer 7

using one’s influence to harm others in the company

Question 8

personal aggresssion

Answer 8

hostile or aggressive behaviours towards others

Question 9

ethical intensity

Answer 9

the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue

Question 10

magnitude of consequences

Answer 10

total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

Question 11

social consensus

Answer 11

agreement on whether behaviour is bad or good

Question 12

probability of effect

Answer 12

the change that something will happen and then result in harm to others

Question 13

temporal immediacy

Answer 13

the time between an act and the consequences the act produces

Question 14

proximity of effect

Answer 14

the social, psychological, cultural or physical distance between a decision maker and those affected by his/her decisions

Question 15

concentration of effect

Answer 15

the total harm or benefit that an act produces on the average person

Question 16

preconventional level of moral development

Answer 16

first level of moral development in which people make decisions based on selfish reasons

Question 17

conventional level of moral development

Answer 17

second level of moral development in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations

Question 18

postconventional level of moral development

Answer 18

third level of moral development in which people make decisions based on internalized principles

Question 19

principle of long-term self-interest

Answer 19

ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not in your or your organization’s long-term self-interest

Question 20

principle of personal virtue

Answer 20

ethical principle that holds that you should never do anything that is not honest, open and truthful, and which you would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers/TV

Question 21

principle of religious injunctions

Answer 21

ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not kind and that does not build a sense of community; a sense of everyone working together for a commonly accepted goal

Question 22

principle of government requirements

Answer 22

ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that violates the law, for the law represents the minimal moral standards

Question 23

principle of utilitarian benefits

Answer 23

ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society. Instead, do whatever creates the greatest good for the greatest number

Question 24

principle of individual rights

Answer 24

ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that infringes on others’ agree-on rights

Question 25

principle of distributive justice

Answer 25

ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least among us: the poor, the uneducated, and the unemployed

Question 26

overt integrity test

Answer 26

written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviours

Question 27

personality-based integrity test

Answer 27

written test that indirectly estimates employee honesty by measure psychological traits such as dependability and conscientiousness

Question 28

whistle-blowing

Answer 28

reporting others’ ethics violations to management or legal authorities

Question 29

social responsibility

Answer 29

a business’s obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society

Question 30

shareholder model

Answer 30

view of social responsibility that holds that an organization’s overriding goal should be profit maximization for the benefit of shareholders

Question 31

stakeholder model

Answer 31

theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management’s most important responsibility, long-term survival, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders

Question 32

stakeholders

Answer 32

person’s or groups with a “stake” or legitimate interest in a company’s actions

Question 33

primary stakeholder

Answer 33

any group on which a organization relies for its long-term survival

Question 34

secondary stakeholder

Answer 34

any group that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behaviour

Question 35

economic responsibility

Answer 35

the expectation that a company will make a profit by producing a valued product or service

Question 36

legal responsibility

Answer 36

the expectation that a company will obey society’s laws and regulations

Question 37

ethical respnsibility

Answer 37

the expectation that a company will not violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its buisness

Question 38

discretionary responsibilities

Answer 38

the expectation that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

Question 39

social respnsiveness

Answer 39

the strategy chosen by a company to respond to stakeholders’ economic, legal, ethical, or discretionary expectations concerning social respnsibility

Question 40

reactive strategy

Answer 40

a social responsiveness strategy where a company chooses to do less then society expects and to deny responsibility for problems

Question 41

defensive strategy

Answer 41

a social responsiveness strategy where a company chooses to admit responsibility for a problem but do the least required to meet societal expectations

Question 42

accommodative strategy

Answer 42

a social responsiveness strategy where a company chooses to accept responsibility for a problem and do all that society expects to solve problems

Question 43

proactive strategy

Answer 43

a social responsiveness strategy where a company anticipates responsibility for a problem before it occurs and would do more than society expects to address the problem.