Chapter 3 Flashcards
Ethics
The set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group
ethical behaviour
behaviour that conforms to a society’s accepted principles of right and wrong
workplace deviance
unethical behaviour that violates organizational norms about right and wrong
production deviance
unethical behaviour that hurts the quality of work produced
property deviance
unethical behaviour aimed at the organization’s property
skrinage
employee theft of company merchandise
political deviance
using one’s influence to harm others in the company
personal aggresssion
hostile or aggressive behaviours towards others
ethical intensity
the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue
magnitude of consequences
total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision
social consensus
agreement on whether behaviour is bad or good
probability of effect
the change that something will happen and then result in harm to others
temporal immediacy
the time between an act and the consequences the act produces
proximity of effect
the social, psychological, cultural or physical distance between a decision maker and those affected by his/her decisions
concentration of effect
the total harm or benefit that an act produces on the average person
preconventional level of moral development
first level of moral development in which people make decisions based on selfish reasons
conventional level of moral development
second level of moral development in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations
postconventional level of moral development
third level of moral development in which people make decisions based on internalized principles
principle of long-term self-interest
ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not in your or your organization’s long-term self-interest
principle of personal virtue
ethical principle that holds that you should never do anything that is not honest, open and truthful, and which you would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers/TV
principle of religious injunctions
ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not kind and that does not build a sense of community; a sense of everyone working together for a commonly accepted goal
principle of government requirements
ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that violates the law, for the law represents the minimal moral standards
principle of utilitarian benefits
ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society. Instead, do whatever creates the greatest good for the greatest number
principle of individual rights
ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that infringes on others’ agree-on rights
principle of distributive justice
ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least among us: the poor, the uneducated, and the unemployed
overt integrity test
written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviours
personality-based integrity test
written test that indirectly estimates employee honesty by measure psychological traits such as dependability and conscientiousness
whistle-blowing
reporting others’ ethics violations to management or legal authorities
social responsibility
a business’s obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society
shareholder model
view of social responsibility that holds that an organization’s overriding goal should be profit maximization for the benefit of shareholders
stakeholder model
theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management’s most important responsibility, long-term survival, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders
stakeholders
person’s or groups with a “stake” or legitimate interest in a company’s actions
primary stakeholder
any group on which a organization relies for its long-term survival
secondary stakeholder
any group that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behaviour
economic responsibility
the expectation that a company will make a profit by producing a valued product or service
legal responsibility
the expectation that a company will obey society’s laws and regulations
ethical respnsibility
the expectation that a company will not violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its buisness
discretionary responsibilities
the expectation that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities
social respnsiveness
the strategy chosen by a company to respond to stakeholders’ economic, legal, ethical, or discretionary expectations concerning social respnsibility
reactive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy where a company chooses to do less then society expects and to deny responsibility for problems
defensive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy where a company chooses to admit responsibility for a problem but do the least required to meet societal expectations
accommodative strategy
a social responsiveness strategy where a company chooses to accept responsibility for a problem and do all that society expects to solve problems
proactive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy where a company anticipates responsibility for a problem before it occurs and would do more than society expects to address the problem.
