Chapter 3

Question 1

What is a place cell?

Answer 1

A neuron that fires maximally when the organism enters a particular location within an environment.

Question 2

Place field?

Answer 2

The spatial location that evokes maximal activity in a place cell.

Question 3

Constraint induced movement therapy?

Answer 3

A motor rehabilitation technique in which unaffected limbs are restrained to increase usage of dysfunctional limbs.

Question 4

What is a cochlear implant?

Answer 4

A device that electrically stimulates auditory nerves to produce hearing sensations in profoundly deaf individuals, primarily to assist them in processing speech.

Question 5

Learning that involves strengthening connections between cells that work together (typically neurons) is called ____ learning.

Answer 5

Hebbian.

Question 6

Non associative learning?

Answer 6

Learning that involves only one, relatively isolated stimulus at a time- you don’t need to connect it to something to understand how to react to it.

Question 7

Associative learning?

Answer 7

Learning to associate one stimulus with another, or learning to associate a particular stimulus with a new response, one stimulus may be associated with another stimulus.

Question 8

Is re habituation faster or slower than the initial habituation?

Answer 8

Faster.

Question 9

Staring duration = ____ time.

Answer 9

Fixation.

Question 10

Coolidge effect?

Answer 10

Didhabituation of sexual responding - check if a rat is tired or just disinterested by giving him a break and introducing a new female rat.

Question 11

Prior experience improves ____.

Answer 11

Recognition.

Question 12

Perceptual learning?

Answer 12

When someone is repeatedly exposed to a stimulus they begin to notice new things about it.

Question 13

Example of mere exposure learning?

Answer 13

Never learning how to bake bread but being exposed to it for many years thus knowing some stuff about it.

Question 14

Gibson and Walk rat experiment?

Answer 14

Rat with shapes in cage.

Question 15

What you learn in one situation is not transferable to another situation.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

Fiorentini and Bernardi.

Answer 16

Showed pics, tilted them a bit, subjects still recognized them, did a huge flip, and they didn’t see it… because the knowledge doesn’t necessarily transfer.

Question 17

The more difficult a task is, the more ____ is required in your learning.

Answer 17

Specificity.

Question 18

Tolman and honzik put rats in maze:

Answer 18

They eventually learned it. Spatial learning biotch.

Question 19

____ is released by neurotransmitters.

Answer 19

Glutamate.

Question 20

If you constantly activate the sensory neuron and there is no danger, your body will ignore it - why?

Answer 20

It will think there is no reason in wasted glutamate.

Question 21

Sensitization in sea hares:

Answer 21

Shock in one place, other pathways will also be effected, the whole body will be on high alert.

Question 22

Cortical plasticity?

Answer 22

Changes in receptive field causes reorganization in the cortex, doesn’t mean your hand responds whenever any other body part does - but it will be stronger hashtag fine tune the cortex and associated neurons.

Question 23

Once you don’t have repeated exposure it goes back to the ____.

Answer 23

Baseline.

Question 24

When someone loses ability to be stimulated by a particular sensory stimulus, there isn’t a cell death nor does it stop functioning, instead the other areas become ____ because of ____.

Answer 24

Stronger, reorganization.

Question 25

Neurons in unused areas ____ and begin to be used by other modalities.

Answer 25

Reorganize.

Question 26

Hebbian learning = neurons that ____ together ____ together.

Answer 26

Fire, wire.

Question 27

If a few neurons become activated, you have a higher chance of what?

Answer 27

Other neurons being activated as well.

Question 28

What happens if you don’t have use of one arm, then you suddenly can use both?

Answer 28

The function is now again shared between the two arms.

Question 29

Sex is known as an appetitive system. But what happens if someone is sexually abused?

Answer 29

Sex is no longer considered an appetitive system.

Question 30

An animal responds faster with ____ experience.

Answer 30

Repeated.

Question 31

What happens when you condition a stimulus and then present a neutral stimulus?

Answer 31

It won’t do anything. If you need a light to signify incoming shock, then a tone is presented along with the light and you try to present the tone on it’s own, the animal will not think it is going to he shocked. This is called blocking.

Question 32

What is blocking?

Answer 32

A paradigm where a stimulus gets blocked out, it was already presented with something that became a CS.

Question 33

Cues signaling an unconditioned stimulus MUST BE:

Answer 33

Useful, non redundant(new) and reliable(constantly predict what we expect is coming).

Question 34

Error correction learning?

Answer 34

Suggests that errors on each learning trial lead to small performance changes that work to reduce error in the following trial i.e. Meeting someone from a new culture and adjusting your behavior so it is appropriate.