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Astronomy > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Solar day

A

Sunrise to sunrise. Time it takes earth to rotate 365 degrees on its axis. 3.9 minutes off; accounts for extra day in leap year

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1
Q

Diurnal Motion

A

Movement of sun and the stars. Based on 24 hour solar day

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2
Q

Sundial

A

Motion of sun across the sky. Arm is facing north, angles represent time of day

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3
Q

Sidereal Day

A

Invented by Mayans

Movement of the stars by the difference/shift of stars every night (like Oriens belt)

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4
Q

Seasons

A

Created by the tilt the earth has on its axis. (23.5 degrees)
Opposites in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere

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5
Q

Indirect/direct sunlight

A 
Direct= summer
Indirect= winter
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6
Q

Summer solstice

A

June 21

Tilted towards sun; most direct Rays

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7
Q

Winter Solstice

A

Tilted away from sun; Suns Rays are more indirect

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8
Q

Autumnal Equinox

A

September 21

Signals arrival of fall

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9
Q

Vernal Equinox

A

March 21

Signals arrival of spring

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10
Q

Lunar phases

A
  1. New moon
  2. Waxing crescent
  3. 1st quarter
  4. Waxing crescent
  5. Full moon
  6. Waning gibbous
  7. 3rd quarter
  8. Waning crescent
    (Repeat)
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11
Q

The moon

A

Brightest object in night sky
27.3 days to get through the moons changes
Location of moon determines what we see
1/2 is always illuminated by sun

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12
Q

Liberation

A

The moon shifting/wobbling

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13
Q

Blue moon

A

2 full moons in a month

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14
Q

Eclipse

A

When earth, moon, and sub are in alignment in all plains

Reason= shadow

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15
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

Sun, earth, moon

Full moon only

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16
Q

Solar eclipse

A

Rate b/c moon shadow is much smaller than that of earth
Sun, moon, earth
Not safe to look at

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17
Q

Umbra

A

Total darkness (200 mi wide)

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18
Q

Penumbra

A

Perimeter of shadow and some light

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19
Q

We study the moon because..

A

Holds clues to unlocking the universe because it hasn’t changed much
We may need to inhibit it
May need it’s raw materials
May want to launch from here

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20
Q

The moons size

A

Smaller mass, smaller gravitational force
GF allows life to exits
Low GF= higher escape speed = faster interspace speeds= quicker arrival times

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21
Q

Continental drift

A

Crustal plates are adrift on the upper mental and move, collide
Convection rising from heat moves plates. Hot molten interior

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22
Q

Moons Core

A

Frozen/solid core-> no magnetic field

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23
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Liquid portion of planet

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24
Q

Clementine

A

Found water on the polls at the bottom of craters in perpetual darkness
To confirm we crashed a probe in a crater (lunar prospector)
Proved there wasn’t water on the moon

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25
Q

Electrolysis

A

Breaking h2o into hydrogen and ice gyn gas to make rocket fuel

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26
Q

Geology

A

Studied rocks/moon soil (regalith)
Earth= no organic material
Moon= organic material

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27
Q

Atmospheres

A

Moon is thin

Earth has well developed atmosphere that insulates us and protects radiation

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28
Q

Solar Day

A

Sunrise to sunrise

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28
Q

President for Cold War

A

John f Kennedy 1961

29
Q

Russia led space race with putting who in space first

A

Yuri Gagarin and first satellite

30
Q

First attempt to put something in space by Russia

A

Fruit flys

31
Q

Soviets put dog in space.. How’d it die

A

Stress and overheat

32
Q

U.s put what in space

A

Monkey

33
Q

Firsts U.S manned space station

A

Mercury seven

34
Q

Apollo 1

A

Preflight failed and burned/killed 3 astronauts

35
Q

Apollo 11

A

Neil Armstrong, buzz aldrin(first to step on moon) and Collins flew to

36
Q

Apollo 12

A

Went off without hitch

37
Q

Apollo 13

A

Major problem

Short circuited

38
Q

Apollo14

A

Alan Shepard took golf clubs to moon

39
Q

Apollo 15

A

“Lunar rover”

40
Q

Apollo 16

A

Use the rover

41
Q

Apollo 17

A

Last manned mission to moon

42
Q

Roman name for moon

A

Luna

43
Q

Tides of bay of fundy rise to

A

55 feet

44
Q

Presence of these chemicals lead to indication of earth and moon are formed at same time in same area

A

Isotopes

46
Q

Level of atmospheres in order

A 
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
47
Q

Troposphere

A

Thickest part
Have to throttle down or else Itl burn up
Where weather occurs

48
Q

Stratosphere

A

Dry, less dense

Warm

49
Q

Mesosphere

A

Middle
Cold
Where meteors burn up (because of speed and friction)

50
Q

Thermosphere

A

Hot
Where satellites orbit
Ionosphere= charged atoms to use on radios
Northern lights

51
Q

Exosphere

A

Cold -> almost absolute zero
Merges with space
Hydrogen and helium that fuel stars

52
Q

Gemini

A

Astronauts work in corporation to fly space craft

Ed white = first to walk in space

53
Q

Soviet Union

A

Puts dog in space (dies)
Yuri Gagarian beats us by 3 weeks
First person to orbit earth
Put 1st woman in space= Valentina Tereshkova

54
Q

Mercury 7

A 
USA
7 people 
Alan Shepard= first American in space
Lands in sea
1st, oldest to orbit = John Glenn
55
Q

1st attempt at living in space was

A

Fruit flys

56
Q

Conforming

A

4.6 billion years ago the earth and moon form out of solar nebula. Have to be identical - they aren’t. X

57
Q

Capture

A

Even though they formed independently, one captured the other as it moved past

58
Q

Impact

A

Theia moves past earth, strokes it, chunk forms moon. Most popular/accepted because materials in moon mantle and our core matches

59
Q

Moons orbit is..

A

Growing outward at 3.8 cm/year

60
Q

Tide

A

Occurs in hydrosphere. Water level fluctuates up and down.
Bodies involved= earth, moon, sometimes sun
2 high and 2 low in a period of 24 hours

61
Q

Greatest tides are in

A

Bay of Fundy

62
Q

Seiche

A

Wind driven tide. Shallow body of contained waiter

-> water @ western end leaves and lowers 6-7 feet

63
Q

Tidal Bores

A

River holds ride back, then floods over

64
Q

Storm Surge

A

Hurricane. Mixed with wind and tide.

Water rises

65
Q

Tidal Waves

A

Movement of tectonic plates

66
Q

First man on the moon

A

Armstrong

67
Q

The ozone layer lies in which layer of the atmosphere

A

Stratosphere

68
Q

Maria are the remnants of what

A

Lava

69
Q

Craters on the moon were caused by

A

Meteors

70
Q

2 areas of the moon we see from earth

A

Highlands

Maria

71
Q

First person in space

A

Gagarin

72
Q

Gaining illumination

A

Waxing

73
Q

Loosing illumination

A

Waning

Astronomy (8 decks)

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