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Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Solar day

A

Sunrise to sunrise. Time it takes earth to rotate 365 degrees on its axis. 3.9 minutes off; accounts for extra day in leap year

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1
Q

Diurnal Motion

A

Movement of sun and the stars. Based on 24 hour solar day

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2
Q

Sundial

A

Motion of sun across the sky. Arm is facing north, angles represent time of day

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3
Q

Sidereal Day

A

Invented by Mayans

Movement of the stars by the difference/shift of stars every night (like Oriens belt)

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4
Q

Seasons

A

Created by the tilt the earth has on its axis. (23.5 degrees)
Opposites in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere

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5
Q

Indirect/direct sunlight

A 
Direct= summer
Indirect= winter
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6
Q

Summer solstice

A

June 21

Tilted towards sun; most direct Rays

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7
Q

Winter Solstice

A

Tilted away from sun; Suns Rays are more indirect

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8
Q

Autumnal Equinox

A

September 21

Signals arrival of fall

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9
Q

Vernal Equinox

A

March 21

Signals arrival of spring

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10
Q

Lunar phases

A
  1. New moon
  2. Waxing crescent
  3. 1st quarter
  4. Waxing crescent
  5. Full moon
  6. Waning gibbous
  7. 3rd quarter
  8. Waning crescent
    (Repeat)
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11
Q

The moon

A

Brightest object in night sky
27.3 days to get through the moons changes
Location of moon determines what we see
1/2 is always illuminated by sun

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12
Q

Liberation

A

The moon shifting/wobbling

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13
Q

Blue moon

A

2 full moons in a month

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14
Q

Eclipse

A

When earth, moon, and sub are in alignment in all plains

Reason= shadow

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15
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

Sun, earth, moon

Full moon only

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16
Q

Solar eclipse

A

Rate b/c moon shadow is much smaller than that of earth
Sun, moon, earth
Not safe to look at

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17
Q

Umbra

A

Total darkness (200 mi wide)

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18
Q

Penumbra

A

Perimeter of shadow and some light

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19
Q

We study the moon because..

A

Holds clues to unlocking the universe because it hasn’t changed much
We may need to inhibit it
May need it’s raw materials
May want to launch from here

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20
Q

The moons size

A

Smaller mass, smaller gravitational force
GF allows life to exits
Low GF= higher escape speed = faster interspace speeds= quicker arrival times

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21
Q

Continental drift

A

Crustal plates are adrift on the upper mental and move, collide
Convection rising from heat moves plates. Hot molten interior

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22
Q

Moons Core

A

Frozen/solid core-> no magnetic field

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23
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Liquid portion of planet

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24
Clementine
Found water on the polls at the bottom of craters in perpetual darkness To confirm we crashed a probe in a crater (lunar prospector) Proved there wasn't water on the moon
25
Electrolysis
Breaking h2o into hydrogen and ice gyn gas to make rocket fuel
26
Geology
Studied rocks/moon soil (regalith) Earth= no organic material Moon= organic material
27
Atmospheres
Moon is thin | Earth has well developed atmosphere that insulates us and protects radiation
28
Solar Day
Sunrise to sunrise
28
President for Cold War
John f Kennedy 1961
29
Russia led space race with putting who in space first
Yuri Gagarin and first satellite
30
First attempt to put something in space by Russia
Fruit flys
31
Soviets put dog in space.. How'd it die
Stress and overheat
32
U.s put what in space
Monkey
33
Firsts U.S manned space station
Mercury seven
34
Apollo 1
Preflight failed and burned/killed 3 astronauts
35
Apollo 11
Neil Armstrong, buzz aldrin(first to step on moon) and Collins flew to
36
Apollo 12
Went off without hitch
37
Apollo 13
Major problem | Short circuited
38
Apollo14
Alan Shepard took golf clubs to moon
39
Apollo 15
"Lunar rover"
40
Apollo 16
Use the rover
41
Apollo 17
Last manned mission to moon
42
Roman name for moon
Luna
43
Tides of bay of fundy rise to
55 feet
44
Presence of these chemicals lead to indication of earth and moon are formed at same time in same area
Isotopes
46
Level of atmospheres in order
``` Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere ```
47
Troposphere
Thickest part Have to throttle down or else Itl burn up Where weather occurs
48
Stratosphere
Dry, less dense | Warm
49
Mesosphere
Middle Cold Where meteors burn up (because of speed and friction)
50
Thermosphere
Hot Where satellites orbit Ionosphere= charged atoms to use on radios Northern lights
51
Exosphere
Cold -> almost absolute zero Merges with space Hydrogen and helium that fuel stars
52
Gemini
Astronauts work in corporation to fly space craft | Ed white = first to walk in space
53
Soviet Union
Puts dog in space (dies) Yuri Gagarian beats us by 3 weeks First person to orbit earth Put 1st woman in space= Valentina Tereshkova
54
Mercury 7
``` USA 7 people Alan Shepard= first American in space Lands in sea 1st, oldest to orbit = John Glenn ```
55
1st attempt at living in space was
Fruit flys
56
Conforming
4.6 billion years ago the earth and moon form out of solar nebula. Have to be identical - they aren't. X
57
Capture
Even though they formed independently, one captured the other as it moved past
58
Impact
Theia moves past earth, strokes it, chunk forms moon. Most popular/accepted because materials in moon mantle and our core matches
59
Moons orbit is..
Growing outward at 3.8 cm/year
60
Tide
Occurs in hydrosphere. Water level fluctuates up and down. Bodies involved= earth, moon, sometimes sun 2 high and 2 low in a period of 24 hours
61
Greatest tides are in
Bay of Fundy
62
Seiche
Wind driven tide. Shallow body of contained waiter | -> water @ western end leaves and lowers 6-7 feet
63
Tidal Bores
River holds ride back, then floods over
64
Storm Surge
Hurricane. Mixed with wind and tide. | Water rises
65
Tidal Waves
Movement of tectonic plates
66
First man on the moon
Armstrong
67
The ozone layer lies in which layer of the atmosphere
Stratosphere
68
Maria are the remnants of what
Lava
69
Craters on the moon were caused by
Meteors
70
2 areas of the moon we see from earth
Highlands | Maria
71
First person in space
Gagarin
72
Gaining illumination
Waxing
73
Loosing illumination
Waning

Astronomy (8 decks)

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