Chapter 1 Flashcards
If a wave is compressed it is said to be shifted to what end of the spectrum
Blue
many of the ancients built these structures in order to get closer to their gods
Pyramids
If a wave is stretched it is said to be shifted to what end of the spectrum
Red
The more mass involved in an interaction the more what is exerted on the bodies involved
Gravity
The name of the Little Dipper is
Ursa Minor or Big Bear
1 light year =
299,742.498 km/s
Or
186,000 mi/s
An object is brightest when _______ and ______ when further away
Brightest when closest and dimmest when further away
Perihelion
Focis are closest together
Incas
South America (machu piccu) Loved sliver (pizzaro) Recognized constellations and used stone pillars Captured Athalupa and had to fill a room with silver and gold. Then killed him
Aztecs
Known for brutality
Lived in Mexico City
Cortez brought Aztecs down
Mayans
Created Callander
Present day Belize and Honduras
Used the background of the sun (space)
Noticed that your soul disappeared 2 times a year at noon (shadow)
Druids
Thought trees were possessed by spirits of the past
Replaced trees with stones (stone hedge)
Kepler
Blind
Works with Tycho Brahe
Based ideas of of Copernicus
Based ideas off of Brahe’s observations
Kepler’s 3 laws
- Orbital paths of planets are elliptical not circular, with the sun at 1 focus
- The speed of the planets must vary
- Orbital period= time it takes to circut the sun. P2=A3
Length of a light year
9.6-10 trillion miles
Polaris
North Star
Only stationary star
Directly over N pole
“Southern cross” acts same way in the south
Direct/Prograde
East to west
Retrograde
West to east
Sextant
Couples with the sun and a clock to work with the sun: must measure at the same time everyday
Astrology
The study of the ancient interpretations which our forebears give to the stars (constellation)
Galeileos theories
- The moon has mountains, valleys and craters like the earth
- The sun has imperfections, sunspots, and rotates 1x/month perpendicular to the epileptic plane
- 4 small moons orbit Jupiter
- Venus shows a complete cycle of phases like the moon
Dark Ages
Bad time in Europe
Plague/Black Death spreads
People live in squalor (gross conditions)
Spanish Inquisition
Turn to church to repent sins and to not catch the plague
Kepler based his work off of
Brahe and Copernicus
Eccentricity
Distance between the foci divided by the length of the major axis
Aphelion
Focis furthest away from the sun. Aphelion Away (A)
EM waves travel at the speed of
The speed of light
Or
299,792.458 km/sec
Doppler Effect/Shift
Determines which way things are moving. Apparent change in frequency and wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative sources of waves
Everything in space
Moves
Kepler’s 2 unanswered questions
- What prevents the planets from flying off into space or falling into the sun?
- What causes the planets to move around the sun apparently endlessly?
Newtons 3 laws
- Inertia- objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion..
- F=MA. More force= more faster
- For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity.
Force
Can act instantaneously or continuously.
Action on an object that causes its momentum to change
Speed/constant of gravity
9.8 m/s2
