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Astronomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

If a wave is compressed it is said to be shifted to what end of the spectrum

A

Blue

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1
Q

many of the ancients built these structures in order to get closer to their gods

A

Pyramids

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2
Q

If a wave is stretched it is said to be shifted to what end of the spectrum

A

Red

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3
Q

The more mass involved in an interaction the more what is exerted on the bodies involved

A

Gravity

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4
Q

The name of the Little Dipper is

A

Ursa Minor or Big Bear

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5
Q

1 light year =

A

299,742.498 km/s
Or
186,000 mi/s

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6
Q

An object is brightest when _______ and ______ when further away

A

Brightest when closest and dimmest when further away

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7
Q

Perihelion

A

Focis are closest together

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8
Q

Incas

A 
South America (machu piccu)
Loved sliver (pizzaro)
Recognized constellations and used stone pillars
Captured Athalupa and had to fill a room with silver and gold. Then killed him
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9
Q

Aztecs

A

Known for brutality
Lived in Mexico City
Cortez brought Aztecs down

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10
Q

Mayans

A

Created Callander
Present day Belize and Honduras
Used the background of the sun (space)
Noticed that your soul disappeared 2 times a year at noon (shadow)

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11
Q

Druids

A

Thought trees were possessed by spirits of the past

Replaced trees with stones (stone hedge)

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12
Q

Kepler

A

Blind
Works with Tycho Brahe
Based ideas of of Copernicus
Based ideas off of Brahe’s observations

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13
Q

Kepler’s 3 laws

A
  1. Orbital paths of planets are elliptical not circular, with the sun at 1 focus
  2. The speed of the planets must vary
  3. Orbital period= time it takes to circut the sun. P2=A3
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14
Q

Length of a light year

A

9.6-10 trillion miles

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15
Q

Polaris

A

North Star
Only stationary star
Directly over N pole
“Southern cross” acts same way in the south

16
Q

Direct/Prograde

A

East to west

17
Q

Retrograde

A

West to east

18
Q

Sextant

A

Couples with the sun and a clock to work with the sun: must measure at the same time everyday

19
Q

Astrology

A

The study of the ancient interpretations which our forebears give to the stars (constellation)

20
Q

Galeileos theories

A
  1. The moon has mountains, valleys and craters like the earth
  2. The sun has imperfections, sunspots, and rotates 1x/month perpendicular to the epileptic plane
  3. 4 small moons orbit Jupiter
  4. Venus shows a complete cycle of phases like the moon
21
Q

Dark Ages

A

Bad time in Europe
Plague/Black Death spreads
People live in squalor (gross conditions)

22
Q

Spanish Inquisition

A

Turn to church to repent sins and to not catch the plague

23
Q

Kepler based his work off of

A

Brahe and Copernicus

24
Q

Eccentricity

A

Distance between the foci divided by the length of the major axis

25
Q

Aphelion

A 
Focis furthest away from the sun. 
Aphelion Away (A)
26
Q

EM waves travel at the speed of

A

The speed of light
Or

299,792.458 km/sec

27
Q

Doppler Effect/Shift

A

Determines which way things are moving. Apparent change in frequency and wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative sources of waves

28
Q

Everything in space

A

Moves

29
Q

Kepler’s 2 unanswered questions

A
  1. What prevents the planets from flying off into space or falling into the sun?
  2. What causes the planets to move around the sun apparently endlessly?
30
Q

Newtons 3 laws

A
  1. Inertia- objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion..
  2. F=MA. More force= more faster
  3. For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction
31
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity.

32
Q

Force

A

Can act instantaneously or continuously.

Action on an object that causes its momentum to change

33
Q

Speed/constant of gravity

A

9.8 m/s2

Astronomy (8 decks)

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