Chapter 3 Flashcards
Matter
Anything that takes up space
Chemistry
The study of matter
Substance
Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition, also known as pure substance
Salt is:
100% sodium chloride. Pure substance
Waters composition:
Hydrogen and oxygen. Pure substance
Physical properties
Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition
Examples of physical properties
Density, color, smell,taste, hardness, melting point, and boiling point
Extensive properties
Properties that are dependent upon the amount of substance present (mass, length, volume)
Intensive properties
Properties that are independent of the amount of substance present (density, color)
Chemical property
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
The inability of a substance to change into another substance is a :
Chemical change
Both chemical and physical properties depend on:
Conditions of the immediate environment ( temperature and pressure)
States of matter
The classification of all matter on earth ( solid, liquid, or gas)
Solid
A form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume
Liquid
A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container.
Gas
A form of matter that flows to conform the shape of its container and fills the entire volume of its container.
Vapor
A gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.
Physical changes
Changes that alter a substance without changing its composition
Melting and boiling points are:
Phase changes which are important physical properties that may be used to identify unknown substances
Chemical change
A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances, commonly referred to chemical reaction
In chemical reactions what are the starting and new substances called?
Starting substances: reactants
New substances: products
Some terms used to describe chemical reactions are:
Explode, rust, oxidize, tarnish, ferment, burn, or rot
A chemical reaction always produces:
A change in properties/ evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place
The law of conservation of mass
States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction - it is conserved
Mass reactants = Mass products
