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Neuropsychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
Pia mater

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2
Q

CNS support and protection

A

Skull
Meninges
Subarachnoid space

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3
Q

Two _____ and two _____ supply blood to the brain.

A

carotid arteries

vertebral arteries

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4
Q

The carotid and vertebral arteries connect at the base of the brain and branch off into the _____, _____ and _____ cerebral arteries.

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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5
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the _____ and _____ lobes.

A

frontal

parietal

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6
Q

The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to the _____ lobe.

A

temporal

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7
Q

The posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the _____ lobe.

A

occipital

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8
Q

Sensory neurons include _____ and _____ neurons.

A

bipolar

somatosensory

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9
Q

Types of neurons (3):

A

Sensory neurons
Interneuron
Motor neuron

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10
Q

Interneurons associate _____ and _____ activity in the CNS.

A

sensory

motor

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11
Q

Interneurons include _____, _____ and _____.

A 
Stellate cell (thalamus)
Pyramidal cell (cortex)
Purkinje cell (cerebellum)
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12
Q

Types of glial cells (5):

A 
Ependymal
Astrocyte
Microglial
Oligodendroglial
Schwann
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13
Q

Reticular matter is composed of _____.

A

Gray and White matter

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14
Q

A ventricle is a _____.

A

hollow pocket within the brain filled with CSF.

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15
Q

There are _____ ventricles.

A

4

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16
Q

There are two _____ ventricles.

A

lateral

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17
Q

The third and fourth ventricles extend into the _____ and _____.

A

brainstem

spinal cord

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18
Q

Regions of the brainstem (3):

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Diencephalon

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19
Q

The hindbrain inclues the _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

pons
reticular formation
medulla
cerebellum

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20
Q

The midbrain includes the _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A 
tectum
tegmentum
red nucleus
substania nigra
periacqueductal gray matter
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21
Q

The diencephalon includes the _____, _____ and _____.

A

hypothalamus
epithalamus
thalamus

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22
Q

The tectum gathers sensory input from the _____ and _____.

A

eyes

ears

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23
Q

The superior colliculi receives input from the _____.

A

eyes

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24
Q

The inferior colliculi receives input from the _____.

A

ears

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25
Q

Colliculi mediate orientation of _____ to _____.

A

movement

sensory input

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26
Q

The three main structures of the forebrain are the _____, _____ and _____.

A

basal ganglia
limbic system
cerebral cortex

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27
Q

The basal ganglia is comprised of the _____, _____ and _____.

A

putamen
caudate
globus pallidus

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28
Q

Diseases of the basal ganglia include _____, _____ and _____.

A

Huntington’s Chorea
Parkinson’s Disease
Tourette’s Syndrome

29
Q

Huntington’s Chorea is a _____ that results in cell death in the _____ and _____.

A

genetic disorder
basal ganglia
involuntary movements

30
Q

Parkinson’s Disease is the result of the death of the _____, leading to _____ and _____.

A

projection from the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia
tremors
rigid movement

31
Q

Basal ganglia diseases are disorders of _____, not _____.

A

controlling movement

producing movement

32
Q

The limbic system is comprised of the _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

amygdala
hippocampus
septum
cingulate cortex

33
Q

The cerebral cortex has _____ layers.

A

6

34
Q

The cerebral cortex comprises _____% of the human brain.

A

80

35
Q

Techniques of cortical organization:

A

Projection maps

Cytoarchitectonic maps

36
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

motor

37
Q

parietal lobe function

A

body senses

38
Q

temporal lobe function

A

auditory

39
Q

occipital lobe function

A

visual

40
Q

Secondary areas are _____ and _____ primary areas.

A

adjacent to

receive input from

41
Q

Secondary areas are engaged in _____ or _____.

A

interpreting sensory input

organizing movement

42
Q

Tertiary areas are located _____.

A

between secondary areas.

43
Q

Tertiary areas mediate _____.

A

complex activities.

44
Q

The spinal cord receives fibers from _____.

A

afferent sensory receptors

45
Q

The spinal cord sends _____ to control muscles.

A

efferent fibers

46
Q

There are 30 spinal cord segments divided into __ regions called _____.

A

5

dermatomes

47
Q

Stimulation of pain receptors causes the spinal cord to perform _____.

A

flexion

48
Q

Fibers entering the dorsal root bring _____.

A

sensory information from sensory receptors

49
Q

Fibers leaving the ventral root carry _____.

A

motor information to the muscles.

50
Q

Collateral branches of sensory neurons in the spinal cord may cross to the other side and _____.

A

influence motor neurons there

51
Q

Cranial nerves can have both _____ or _____ functions.

A

afferent

efferent

52
Q

Olfactory cranial nerve function

A

smell (s)

53
Q

Optic cranial nerve function

A

vision (s)

54
Q

Oculomotor cranial nerve function

A

lateral eye movement
eyelid movement
reaction to light (m)

55
Q

Trochlear cranial nerve function

A 
eye movement (up/down)
(m)
56
Q

Trigeminal cranial nerve function

A

masticatory movements

s,m

57
Q

Abducens cranial nerve function

A

lateral eye movement

m

58
Q

Auditory vestibular cranial nerve function

A

hearing (s)

59
Q

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve function

A

tongue and pharynx

s,m

60
Q

Vagus cranial nerve function

A

heart, bloodvessels, ciscera, movement of larynx and pharynx (s,m)

61
Q

Spinal accessory cranial nerve

A

neck muscles and viscera

m

62
Q

Hypoglossal cranial nerve function

A

tongue muscles (m)

63
Q

facial cranial nerve function

A

facial movement (s,m)

64
Q

Stimulation of fine touch results in _____.

A

extension

65
Q

There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves.

A

12

66
Q

Bell-Magendie law

A

The dorsal part of the spinal cord is sensory and the ventral part is motor.

67
Q

The somatic nervous system is comprised of _____ and _____ nerves.

A

cranial

spinal

68
Q

The autonomic nervous system is comprised of a _____ and _____ division.

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Neuropsychology (5 decks)

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