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Neuropsychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropsychology

A

Scientific study of the relationship between behavior and the brain

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2
Q

The Brain Hypothesis

A

The brain is the source of behavior.

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3
Q

The Neuron Hypothesis

A

The unit of brain structure and function is the neuron

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4
Q

The CNS can be divided into the _____, _____, and _____.

A

forebrain
brainstem
spinal cord

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5
Q

Folds of the cortex

A

Gyri

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6
Q

Creases between folds of the cortex

A

Sulci

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7
Q

The PNS consists of the _____ and _____ nervous system.

A

somatic

autonomic

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8
Q

SNS (somatic) contains _____ and _____ pathways.

A

sensory

motor

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9
Q

ANS (autonomic) contains pathways that control _____.

A 
internal organs
(heart, lungs, etc.)
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10
Q

First formal theory of behavior (Mentalism) came about from _____.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Dualism came about from _____.

A

Descartes

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12
Q

The mind-body problem produced _____.

A

monism

mind and body are a unitary whole

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13
Q

Materialism was developed by _____.

A

Darwin

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14
Q

Phrenology

A

Theory that function is localized in specific areas of the brain.

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15
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

speech production

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16
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

speech comprehension

17
Q

Hierarchical organization and distributed systems in the brain were proposed by _____.

A

John Hughlings-Jackson

18
Q

Hierarchical organization

A

Complexity of behavior occurs in levels

19
Q

Split Brain

A

Severed corpus callosum

20
Q

Ventral Stream

A

(what?)

Mediates actions controlled by conscious visual perception

21
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

(where?)

Vision for action without conscious awareness

22
Q

Nerve Net Hypothesis proposed by _____.

A

Camillo Golgi

23
Q

_____ proposed that neurons were discrete and autonomous.

A

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

24
Q

_____ discovered electrical stimulation caused muscular contraction

A

Luigi Galvani

25
Q

_____ and _____ discovered topographic organization in the cortex.

A

Gustav Theodor Fristch

Eduard Hitzig

26
Q

_____ was the first to report electrical stimulation of human cortex in a conscious person.

A

Roberts Bartholow

27
Q

Synapse first described by _____.

A

Charles Scott Sherrington

28
Q

_____ discovered that chemicals carry the message across the synapse.

A

Otto Loewi

29
Q

_____ said that when cells are activated at the same time, they establish or strengthen the synapse.

A

Donald Hebb
(Hebbian Plasticity)
Cells that fire together, wire together.

Neuropsychology (5 decks)

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