Chapter 1 Flashcards
Neuropsychology
Scientific study of the relationship between behavior and the brain
The Brain Hypothesis
The brain is the source of behavior.
The Neuron Hypothesis
The unit of brain structure and function is the neuron
The CNS can be divided into the _____, _____, and _____.
forebrain
brainstem
spinal cord
Folds of the cortex
Gyri
Creases between folds of the cortex
Sulci
The PNS consists of the _____ and _____ nervous system.
somatic
autonomic
SNS (somatic) contains _____ and _____ pathways.
sensory
motor
ANS (autonomic) contains pathways that control _____.
internal organs (heart, lungs, etc.)
First formal theory of behavior (Mentalism) came about from _____.
Aristotle
Dualism came about from _____.
Descartes
The mind-body problem produced _____.
monism
mind and body are a unitary whole
Materialism was developed by _____.
Darwin
Phrenology
Theory that function is localized in specific areas of the brain.
Broca’s aphasia
speech production
Wernicke’s aphasia
speech comprehension
Hierarchical organization and distributed systems in the brain were proposed by _____.
John Hughlings-Jackson
Hierarchical organization
Complexity of behavior occurs in levels
Split Brain
Severed corpus callosum
Ventral Stream
(what?)
Mediates actions controlled by conscious visual perception
Dorsal Stream
(where?)
Vision for action without conscious awareness
Nerve Net Hypothesis proposed by _____.
Camillo Golgi
_____ proposed that neurons were discrete and autonomous.
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
_____ discovered electrical stimulation caused muscular contraction
Luigi Galvani
_____ and _____ discovered topographic organization in the cortex.
Gustav Theodor Fristch
Eduard Hitzig
_____ was the first to report electrical stimulation of human cortex in a conscious person.
Roberts Bartholow
Synapse first described by _____.
Charles Scott Sherrington
_____ discovered that chemicals carry the message across the synapse.
Otto Loewi
_____ said that when cells are activated at the same time, they establish or strengthen the synapse.
Donald Hebb
(Hebbian Plasticity)
Cells that fire together, wire together.
