Chapter 3

Question 0

Chemical reactions are catalyzed by?

Answer 0

Enzymes

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions that occur within a cell
1000s of reactions
Organized into connected pathways 
Very complex
Catabolic & anabolic

Question 2

Catabolic Pathways

Answer 2

Breakdown

Release energy & building blocks

Question 3

Anabolic Pathways

Answer 3

Use energy & building blocks to make new molecules

Ex. synthesis of DNA & proteins

Question 4

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

Energy can be transferred or transformed from one form to another, but it can not be created or destroyed

Question 5

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

In the universe or any isolated system, the degree of disorder can increase (spontaneous)

Question 6

How do cells maintain order?

Answer 6

Cells take energy from the environment and use it to create order
Some energy is released as heat

Question 7

Cells obtain energy through?

Answer 7

Oxidation of organic molecules

Question 8

Respiration

Answer 8

Production of ATP occurs in a series of oxidation steps

Result: sugar is broken down into CO2

Question 9

Photosynthesis has 2 stages. What are they?

Answer 9

1. Light reactions
   Sun energy -> production of high energy carrier molecules ATP, NADH, and NADPH
2. Dark reactions
   CO2 is used to make sugar using ATP + NADH