Chapter 1 Flashcards
Who used a magnifying glass to look at pond water?
Van Lee Wee Hook (1674)
Who discovered the primitive microscope? What was examined?
Robert Hooke (1665) Cork
Schleiden & Schwaan
1838 botanist examined tissues
1899 zoologist cells are the building blocks of tissue
Pastear (1860)
Proved the cell theory showed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
All cells come from other cells
The cell is the fundamental unit of life
Unity & Diversity of Cells
Cells vary in size, appearance, & function
They are composed of the same sets of molecules
Glycolysis
Set of chemical reactions cells use to get energy
Genetic Code
How cells use the info stored in DNA to make RNA & protein
What are the 2 major kinds of cells and their differences?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What are the differences between light and electron microscopy? (2)
Beams of light or electrons
Resolution is limited/greater magnification & resolution
Plasma Membrane
Encloses the cell and separates inside from outside
Cytoplasm
Surrounds nucleus and includes the contents of the cell within the plasma membrane
Cytosol
Contents of the main compartments excluding organelles, nucleus, and cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Large structure that contains DNA
Enclosed by a double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Nuclear Pores
Openings in envelope
Organelles
Discrete structures or subcompartments of eukaryotic cells and carry out different functions
Mitochondria
Present in majority of eukaryotes
Several micro meters long
Enclosed by a double membrane (inner membrane highly folded)
Contain DNA
Reproduce by dividing
*** generate chemical energy through oxidation of food molecules
Chloroplast
Large green organelles
Perform photosynthesis
Surrounded by 2 membranes & thylakoid membranes
Have DNA and reproduce by dividing
Endosymbiotic Theory
Mitochondria & chloroplast likely arose because primaries eukaryotic cells engulfed bacterial cells
DNA similar to bacterial cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Maze-like membrane bound compartment in cytoplasm
Rough ER: ribosomes, protein synthesis
Smooth ER: membrane synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
Stacks of flattened membrane bound compartments
- Protein modification
- glycosylation: sugar groups are added to proteins
- Protein Sorting
- receives molecules made in ER, modifies, sorts, and sends
Lysosomes
Small organelles contain hydrolases for breakdown of materials
Peroxisome
Small organelle that contains H2O2; oxide organic molecule
Vesicles
Small, found in cytoplasm
Move materials between organelles and outside (vesicular transport)
