Chapter 1

Question 0

Who used a magnifying glass to look at pond water?

Answer 0

Van Lee Wee Hook (1674)

Question 1

Who discovered the primitive microscope? What was examined?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke (1665)
Cork

Question 2

Schleiden & Schwaan

Answer 2

1838 botanist examined tissues

1899 zoologist cells are the building blocks of tissue

Question 3

Pastear (1860)

Answer 3

Proved the cell theory showed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 4

Cell Theory

Answer 4

All living things are made of cells
All cells come from other cells
The cell is the fundamental unit of life

Question 5

Unity & Diversity of Cells

Answer 5

Cells vary in size, appearance, & function

They are composed of the same sets of molecules

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

Set of chemical reactions cells use to get energy

Question 7

Genetic Code

Answer 7

How cells use the info stored in DNA to make RNA & protein

Question 8

What are the 2 major kinds of cells and their differences?

Answer 8

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 9

What are the differences between light and electron microscopy? (2)

Answer 9

Beams of light or electrons

Resolution is limited/greater magnification & resolution

Question 10

Plasma Membrane

Answer 10

Encloses the cell and separates inside from outside

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Surrounds nucleus and includes the contents of the cell within the plasma membrane

Question 12

Cytosol

Answer 12

Contents of the main compartments excluding organelles, nucleus, and cytoskeleton

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

Large structure that contains DNA

Enclosed by a double membrane (nuclear envelope)

Question 14

Nuclear Pores

Answer 14

Openings in envelope

Question 15

Organelles

Answer 15

Discrete structures or subcompartments of eukaryotic cells and carry out different functions

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Present in majority of eukaryotes
Several micro meters long
Enclosed by a double membrane (inner membrane highly folded)
Contain DNA
Reproduce by dividing
*** generate chemical energy through oxidation of food molecules

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

Large green organelles
Perform photosynthesis
Surrounded by 2 membranes & thylakoid membranes
Have DNA and reproduce by dividing

Question 18

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 18

Mitochondria & chloroplast likely arose because primaries eukaryotic cells engulfed bacterial cells
DNA similar to bacterial cells

Question 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 19

Maze-like membrane bound compartment in cytoplasm
Rough ER: ribosomes, protein synthesis
Smooth ER: membrane synthesis

Question 20

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 20

Stacks of flattened membrane bound compartments

1. Protein modification
   
   • glycosylation: sugar groups are added to proteins
2. Protein Sorting
   
   • receives molecules made in ER, modifies, sorts, and sends

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

Small organelles contain hydrolases for breakdown of materials

Question 22

Peroxisome

Answer 22

Small organelle that contains H2O2; oxide organic molecule

Question 23

Vesicles

Answer 23

Small, found in cytoplasm

Move materials between organelles and outside (vesicular transport)