Chapter 3 Flashcards
Formula Mass
The sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms in the substance’s formula.
Molecular Mass
Mass of a covalent substance
Avagadro’s Number
6.022 x 10²³
Molar Mass (Definition)
Mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance numerically equivalent to its atomic, molecular or formula mass in amu.
Molar Mass (Units)
grams/mol
Percent Composition
The percentage by mass of each element in a compound.
Molecular Formula (From empirical/molar mass)
Molar Mass/Empirical Formula Mass = n formula units/molecule
Solvent
Component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components.
Solute
Component that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent.
Molarity (M)
mol solute / L solution
Dilution Equation
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Mass Percentage (M/M%)
(Mass of Component / Mass of SOLUTION) x 100%
Volume Percentage (V/V%)
(Volume of Solute / Volume of SOLUTION) x 100%
Mass-Volume Percentage
(Mass of Solute / Volume of SOLUTION) x 100%
Parts Per Million (ppm)
(Mass solute / Mass of SOLUTION) x 10⁶
Parts Per Billion (ppb)
(Mass solute / Mass of SOLUTION) x 10⁹
Mole Fraction (Definition)
Fraction of the moles of one component in the total moles of all the components of the solution.
Mole Fraction of Component a, Xₐ
Moles of a / Total Moles
Mole Fraction of Solute
Moles of Solute / Moles (Solute + Solvent)
Mole Fraction of Solvent
Moles of Solvent / Moles (Solute + Solvent)
Mole percentage (Definition)
The percentage of the moles of one component in the total moles of all the components of the solution.
Mole Percentage (Formula)
Mole Fraction x 100%
