Chapter 3 Flashcards
A legal theory that suggests that for everyone to receive justice, each person must relinquish some individual freedom.
Social Contract
Suggests that if it appears no one cares about the community, as indicated by broken windows not being repaired, then disorder and crime will thrive.
Broken Windows Phenomenon
Refers to the strength of a community’s social fabric and includes the elects of trustworthiness and obligations. Two levels of social capital are local and public.
Social capital
What are the two most important elements on social capital?
Trustworthiness and obligations
What are civilian review boards?
Citizen oversight where citizens have power to investigate and punish officers
Supporters of Civilian Review Boards
Believe it is impossible for the police to objectively review actions of their colleagues.
Emphasize that the police culture demands that police officers support each other, even if they know something illegal has occurred.
Opponents of Civilians Review Boards
Stress that civilians cannot possibly understand the complexities of the policing profession.
That it is demanding to be reviewed by an external source.
What is a sense of community?
The glue that binds communities to maintain orders and provide the foundation for the effective community actions
Ways to keep a community together
Shared values
Participation in voluntary associations.
Faith-based connectedness
Positive interaction with neighbors indicate a strong sense of community
Reasons for lack of community
Unemployment and poverty are widespread
People are hungry
Health care is inadequate
Prejudice separates people
Schools remain isolated and remote
Preschool children lack proper care and nutrition
Senior citizens are allowed to atrophy
Social services are fragmented and disproportionate
Government lacks responsibility and accountability
Tipping point
That point at which an ordinary, stable phenomenon can turn into a crisis.
The theory that successful implementation of a crime-reduction initiative does not really prevent crime; instead, it just moves the crime to another area.
Displacement
Who emphasizes individual rights?
Law enforcement
