chapter 3 Flashcards by Omar Obaidullah

Q

to found, to establish

A

أسس، يؤسس، التأسيس

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Q

foundation, establishment

A

مؤسسة، ج. -ات

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Q

to name

A

سمى، يسمي، التسمية

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Q

to be named

A

يُسمى، تُسمى ب

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Q

beginning(s)

A

بداية، ج. -ات

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Q

to bring

A

جاء ب، يجيء ب، المجيء ب

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Q

second class or rate

A

الدرجة الثانية

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Q

power(s)

A

سُلطة، ج. سُلُطات

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Q

popular

A

شعبيّ

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Q

the press, journalism

A

الصحافة

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Q

in a … way, form

A

بصورة (+صفة)

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Q

to be forced to

A

الاضطرار إلى

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Q

printing

A

الطباعة

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Q

printing press or shop

A

مطبعة، ج. مطابع

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Q

natural

A

طبيعيّ

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Q

nature

A

طبيعة

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Q

modern, contemporary

A

عصريّ

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Q

to advance, to progress

A

تقدم، يتقدم، التقدُّم في

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Q

to continue

A

استمرّ، يستمرّ، الاستمرار

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Q

to continue doing something

A

استمرّ في + المصدر

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Q

to establish, to erect, to found

A

أنشأ، يُنشِئ، الإنشاء

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Q

it was established

A

أنشئ/ أنشأت

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Q

to spread

A

انتشر، ينتشر، الانتشار (في/بين)

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Q

point of view

A

وجهة نظر، ج. وجهات نظر

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Q

humble, modest

A

مُتواضع، ج. -ون

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Q

ruler, governor

A

والٍ/ الوالي، ج. وُلاة

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Q

جاء، يجيء، المجيء

A

أتى، يأُتي، الإتيان

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Q

following (adjective)

A

تالٍ/ التالي

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Q

to govern, to rule

A

حكم، يَحْكُم، الحُكم

Q

government(s)

A

حُكومة، ج. -ات

Q

to occupy

A

احتلّ، يحتل، الاحتلال

Q

to serve

A

خدم، يخدُم، الخدمة

Q

to use

A

استخدم، يستخدم، الاستخدام

Q

nation, state(s)

A

دولة، ج. دُول

Q

international

A

دوليّ/ دُوليّ

Q

official, formal

A

رسميّ

Q

to concentrate, to focus on

A

ركز على، يُركز على، التركيز على

Q

agriculture

A

الزراعة

Q

previous, former

A

سابِق

Q

previous to, earlier than

A

أسبق من

Q

project, plan(s) (abstract)

A

مشروع، ج. -ات/ مشاريع

Q

to come out, be issued or published

A

صدر، يَصدُر، الصُّدُور

Q

to develop something

A

طوّر، يُطور، التُطوير

Q

to develop (intransitive)

A

تطوّر، يتطور، التطور

Q

to appear

A

ظهر، يظهر، الظهور أنّ

Q

appearance, manifestation(s)

A

مظهر، ج. مظاهر

Q

to express (e.g. an opinion or an idea or a feeling)

A

عبر عن، يعبر عن، التعبير عن

Q

expression

A

عبارة، ج. -ات/ تعبير، ج. -ات

Q

military (adjective)

A

عسكريّ

Q

soldier(s)

A

عسكري، ج. عساكر

Q

to overcome, to prevail, to defeat

A

غلب، يغلب، الغلب

Q

prevailing, dominant

A

غالب

Q

عندما، حين

A

لمل + الماضي

Q

system(s), order

A

نظام، ج. أنظمة/ نُظُم

Q

regularity, orderliness

A

انتظام

Q

to aim to

A

هدف، سهدُف ل/إلى

Q

goal, aim(s)

A

هدف، ج. أهداف

Q

thus

A

هكذا

Q

consequently

A

وهكذا ف…

Q

channel, canal

A

قناة، ج. قنوات

Q

passive voice

A

المبني للمجهول

Q

active (known) voice

A

المبني للمعلوم

Q

to bring out, to force out, to direct (a film or play)

A

أخرج، يُخرج، الإخراج

Q

to bring out, to force out, to direct (a film or play)

A

أخرج، يُخرج، الإخراج

Q

whereas

A

في حينِ (أنّ)

Q

in terms of, regarding

A

من حيثُ

Q

despite…

A

بالّرغم من / على الرغم من… (ف/فإنّ)

Q

although, despite the fact that…

A

مع أنّ… (ف/فإنّ)…

Q

nonetheless, nevertheless, in spite of that…

A

ومع ذلك (ف/فإنّ)

Q

moreover…

A

وفوق هذا (ذلك) كلهّهِ (ف/فإنّ)…