chapter 3 Flashcards
Early maturation may increase girl’s _______ to a number of problems
vulnerability
match the following
infancy
early childhood
middle and late childhood
growth rate decreases
rapid growth
slow consistent growth
infancy = rapid growth
early childhood = growth rate decreases
middle & late childhood = slow consistent growth
do growth patterns vary individually?
yes
when does the growth rate start to decline
2 years old
traits for an early maturing boy
popular
greater confidence
positive body images
traits for an early maturing girl
deviant behaviors
depression
withdrawn
traits for a late maturing boy
unpopular
anxious
attention seeking
happier later in life
negative body image
traits for a late maturing girl
popular
sociable
positive body image
what is puberty
rapid physical maturation
brain neuroendocrine process
hormonal changes
what onsets puberty
hereditary and environmental factors
what are androgens
what are estrogens
androgens= male sex hormones
estrogens= female sex hormones
do both males and females have both androgens and estrogens
yes M&F have both
do males or females have more visible changes during puberty
female
are growth spurts earlier in males or females
females
when is peak performance during early adulthood
19-26 yrs old
when do adults start to decline
30 yrs old
loss of bone density occurs in which stage of adulthood and is it more common in males or females
middle adulthood
females
what is climacteric
fertility decline
what ages does menopause start
51 yrs old
what stage of adulthood is their a loss in height, weight gain, and noticeable aging signs
middle adulthood
what stage of adulthood is “more pronounced physical changes in appearance”
late adulthood
which two types of development are linked
brain development
cognitive development
3 parts of the brain
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
frontal lobe
judgement
voluntary movement
personality
thinking
parietal lobe
spatial location
attention
maintain motor control
knowledge of numbers
occipital lobe
vision
temporal lobe
hearing
language processing
memory
what are neurons
nerve cells that process information
what do axons do
send signals AWAY from nucleus
what do myeline sheaths do
insulates axons
increases transmission speed
____ ______ shape brain development
early experiences
_____ experiences shape neural connections
sensory
a deprived environment can …
depress brain activity
what is plasticity
flexible and resilient
what does myelination do
speeds up signaling processing in the brain
brain growth < or > physical growth
brain growth > physical growth
the ______ _______ thickens
corpus callosum
the _____ matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex
amygdala
prefrontal cortex finishes around ages…
18-25 yr old
how much does the brain shrink between 20-90 yr old
5-10%
during adulthood _______ production declines
neurotransmitter
two neurotransmitters and what their decrease can lead to
acetylcholine- memory loss
dopamine- motor control
what is neurogenesis
generation of new neurons
how long do newborns sleep per day
16-17 hours
do babies have high levels of REM sleep?
YES
until which age should you NOT partake in shared sleeping with your child
6 months
what is SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
stopped breathing
when are children most susceptible to SIDS
2-4 months
in childhood how many hours should children sleep
10-13 hours
sleep deprivation is linked to
ADHD
a shift in which hormone can change sleep patterns
melatonin
ideal amount of sleep for adolescense
9.5 hours
not enough sleep can lead to
diseases
shortened lifespan
impaired cognitive and motor skills
what is life span
maximum possible years you can live (120-125)
what is life expectancy
average number of years lived (78.6)
leading cause of death in early childhood
accidents
