chapter 2 Flashcards
what is natural selection
best adapted individuals survive and reproduce
what is adaptive behavior
behavior that promotes individual survival in natural habitat
which chromosome pair determines sex
23
sex chromosome allele for men
sex chromosome allele for women
XY
XX
mitosis vs meisois
mitosis- cell reproduction
meiosis- gamete reproduction
fertilization/fusion of gametes produces what
zygote
monozygotic
dizygotic
identical twins
fraternal twins
genes collab with nongenetic factors for ________
expression
genotype
actual genetic material
phenotype
observable expression of gene
what is down syndrome
extra 21st chromosome
disability involving motor and intellectual development
what is the strongest predictor of having a child with down syndrome
mothers age
what is behavior genetics
assessing the role of nature and nurture
what does the adoption study, study
are adopted children similar to bio parents or adoptive parents
what does the twin study, study
behavioral differences of identical and fraternal twins
3 types of genotype-environment correlations
PASSIVE
EVOCATIVE
ACTIVE
what is passive genotype-environment correlations
bio parents provide rearing environment
what is evocative genotype-environment correlations
genetically influenced characteristics elicit certain environments
what is active genotype-environment correlations
seek ad choose environment that fit heredity/genetic tendencies
epigenetic view of hereditary environment correlations
development is the result of ongoing, bidirectional interchange between hereditary and environment
name of study where researchers measure genetic trait and environmental factors to see their effect on the same outcome
gene-environment interaction
3 periods of prenatal development
germinal (conception-week 2)
embryonic (week 2- week 8)
fetal (week 8- birth)
what is viability and what weeks does it apply to
the ability to live outside the mothers womb
22-26 weeks
can babies learn inside the womb
yes
what is a teratogen
environmental agents that cause damage during the prenatal period
extent of teratogen damages depends on what
dose
heredity
age of exposure
babies are most sensitive to teratogens during which period
embryonic
strongest chance of structural defect
types of teratogens
prescription drugs
non-prescription drugs (aspirin, caffeine)
environmental factors (mercury, lead)
infections/diseases (HIV, syphilis)
maternal age has an increased risk of what
infertility
miscarriage
abnormalities
what does APGAR stand for
Apperance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
APGAR score levels and what they mean
7+ good
4-6 good w/ assistance
3- serious danger
what weeks are considered
pre-term
very pre-term
extremely pre-term
week 37-33
week 33-28
week 28- fewer
weight considered
low
very low
extremely low
< 5.5 lbs
< 3.25 lbs
< 2.19 lbs
what is kangaroo care
skin-to-skin technique to mimic the womb for low birth weight infants
what does kangaroo care do
stabilize heart rate, breathing, and temperature
percentage of women who experience
postpartum blues
postpartum depression
70%
10%
