Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are habitats?
A natural environment of an organism, the place in which it is “natural for it to live and grow.”
A zone where an organism lives where it can “find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction.”
A set of “specified conditions” at a specified place
Abiotic is?
Not alive (Physics and Chemistry)
Temp
pH
Solar Radiation
Water
Pressure
Sound
Biotic is?
Alive (Other organisms that are positive and negative)
Competition
Disease/parasite
Predators
Prey
Primary producers
Mates
What are environmental gradients?
A change in an abiotic factor from one place to another
High elevations mountain slopes
Mid elevation transition zone
Low elevation grassland
(Temperature, pressure, elevation, rainfall, plant life)
What do plants have for adaptation?
Nutrients from soil
co2 from atmosphere
Desiccations - cuticle
“Transpiration”
Vascularization
rigidity - cell wall
Gamete propagation
What do animals have for adaptation?
skin/cuticle - prevent water loss
Moist respiration surface
Stronger endo/exoskeleton
Size
Homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
regulation
A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.
How do you measure oceans?
How far from land
Off shore (pelagic)
Depth (epipelagic, hadalpelagic)
What are some facts about seawater?
Sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium
4 billion years old = ocean
Light in water: Photic Zone - where the light is in the water ~ 40 - 600m
Aphotic Zone > 600 m
Does fresh water become less dense when being frozen over?
Yes
What are the gasses in seawater?
Cold Liquids hold more gas
Warm liquids holds less gas
CO2 produces more by cold waters, organisms, volcanic activity
O2 is made more in the water’s surface due to plants that gather sunlight at the top
What is pressure for seawater?
Sea level to space = 1 ATM (atmosphere) Absolute pressure
Air spaces gets compressed when going into the depths of the oceans
What is Pycnocline?
depths of rapid density changes
What is thermocline?
rapid temp changes
What is Halocline?
rapid salinity changes
How do Pycnocline, Thermocline, and Halocline affect one another?
When temp changes, so does density
Change salinity, change density
Fresh water is less dense than saltwater
Salinity changes where?
nearshore and estuary environments
What’s estuary?
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream.
Does Density difference between fresh and saltwater cause stratification?
Yes
What is brackish water?
where saltwater and freshwater are mixed
Does Salinity tolerances determine an organism’s habitat?
Yes
Primary Production
Pertain to plants
The term ________________ is used to quantify the amount of carbon locked into biomass - the amount fixed by photosynthesis
Production