chapter 3 Flashcards
the reproductive part of a flowering seed plant
flowers
holds the developing seeds; end of the pedicel
receptacle
enlarged end of a special stem
pedicel
protect the petals
sepals
most conspicuous part of the flower
petal
organs that produce the pollen
stamens
contains the sperm cells
pollen
male reproductive cell
sperm cell
long part of stamen
filament
top portion of the stamen
anther
central portion of a flower
pistil
base of a pistil
ovary
undeveloped seeds
ovules
female reproductive cells
egg cell
connect ovary to pistil
style
tip of pistil
stigma
contains sepal, petals, stamen, and pistil
complete flower
doesnt have sepal, petals, stamen, or pistil
incomplete flower
plant with both staminate and pistillate
monoecious
has both staminate and pistillate, but each flower is born by different trees
dioecious
many flowers on one stem
inflorescences
the 3 factors affecting flowering
- length of day and night
- temperature
- soil fertility
can be evenly divided
symmetry
can be divided in multiple ways
radial
must be divided vertically
bilateral
fully ripened ovary
fruit
what functions as the seed bearing structures of flowering plants?
fruit
transfer of pollen from anther of a stamen to the stigma
pollination
pollination that occurs within the same flower
self pollination
pollination that the stamen and stigma come from different flowers
cross pollination
sweet-tasting watery substance produced by plants
nectar
allergic reaction to pollen
hay fever
chemical messenger that triggers symptoms to pollen as a reaction
histamines
most important type of pollen that triggers hay fever
ragweed
when the sperm and egg cell fuse together
fertilization
reproductive cells
gametes
reproduction in which the sperm and egg cells fuse
sexual reproduction
forms from pollination by the pollen grain
pollen tube
nutritional tissue that forms around the fertilized egg
endosperm
forms when the sperm unites with the egg (young plant)
embryo
2 sperm cells are required for reproduction
double fertilization
process of the ovary becoming a fruit and growing
ripening
form from 1 flower that has only 1 pistil
simple fruits
form from 1 flower that has several pistils
aggregate fruits
fruit that forms from several flowers
multiple fruits
simple fruits that are fleshy and juicy throughout
berries
fleshy outer layer and woody inner layer
drupes
fleshy outer layer and inner papery core
pomes
multiple seeds enclosed in a pod
legumes
small, dry seeds with wing-like structures attached
samaras
small, dry seeds with a hard outer covering
nuts
seeds with a thin shell
achenes
fruit of a grass plant
grain
simple fleshy fruits
berries, drupes, pomes
simple dry fruits
legumes, samaras, nuts, achenes, grains
aggregate fruits
blackberries, raspberries, strawberry
multiple fruits
pineapple
outside covering of wheat
husk
cover under the husk
bran
mostly starch
endosperm
small plant
germ
from the whole wheat seed and fruit dispersal
enriched flour
need to be scattered
seed
primary function is to scatter seeds
fruit
able to sprout or grow
viable
dispersal done by seeds being carried or picked up
agent dispersal
dispersal when plant disperses seeds
mechanical dispersal
baby plant or unborn plant
embryo
becomes shoot system
plumule
becomes root system
radicle
food for embryo
endosperm
coat of protection for embryo
seed coat
sprouting of seed
germination
period of inactivity
dormancy
most food stored in the cotyledons is in the form of?
starch
where did george washington carver work?
tuskegee institute
what two things did george washington carver make more valuable?
sweet potato and peanut
