Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the most important source of knowledge in traditional societies?

Answer 1

Deference to authority

Question 2

What are considered to be important sources of knowledge in modern society?

Answer 2

Experts with authority over a given field

Question 3

Who coined the word positivism? When?

Answer 3

Auguste Comte in the 19th century

Question 4

The goal of the rational method of enquiry is to overcome what?

Answer 4

What we deem to be common sense or intuition, which has immense biases

Question 5

Is the positivist method entirely objective?

Answer 5

Not necessarily.

Question 6

What does Valerie Janesick mean with her dance metaphor for qualitative research?

Answer 6

Dance is like Qual. research in that it is lived experience

Question 7

Step 1 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 7

defining the research problem

Question 8

Step 2 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 8

conducting a literature review

Question 9

Step 3 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 9

formulating a hypothesis

Question 10

Step 4 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 10

research design

Question 11

Step 5 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 11

instrumentation and sampling

Question 12

Step 6 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 12

Data collection

Question 13

Step 7 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 13

Data analysis

Question 14

Step 8 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 14

Generate conclusions

Question 15

Step 9 of the quantitative research process is:

Answer 15

Revise hypotheses

Question 16

How does the qualitative research process differ from the quantitative process?

Answer 16

It can incorporate different levels of objectivity, much more dynamism between the different steps, and a focus on theory generation, not hypothesis testing.

Question 17

Which qualitative method involves high levels of hypothesis testing?

Answer 17

grounded theory

Question 18

What is analytical induction?

Answer 18

An iterative form of qualitative, inductive method of data collection, analysis, and theory generation. As one collects data, one also interprets it and formulates a range of ideas to test out on additional data collected.

Question 19

What is the form of the qualitative research process?

Answer 19

cyclical

Question 20

What is step 1 of the qualitative research process?

Answer 20

Gather observations

Question 21

What is step 2 of the qualitative research process?

Answer 21

Look for patterns in Data

Question 22

What is step 3 of the qualitative research process?

Answer 22

formulate tentative ideas (hypothesis) to explore by gathering more data

Question 23

What is step 4 of the qualitative research process?

Answer 23

Generation of theory

Question 24

What is reflexivity?

Answer 24

A process where researchers engage in self-critical action that allows them to explore and critically evaluate how their own values attitudes, nd biases may enter into the research process. It is the awareness and tending to this type of researcher that serves to make the project more objective

Question 25

What is step 1 of creating a research design?

Answer 25

reflect on your research standpoint before you begin

Question 26

What is step 2 of creating a research design?

Answer 26

Maintain a right link between the research question and research design

Question 27

What is step 3 of creating a research design?

Answer 27

Formulate a research question

Question 28

What are the three kinds of research questions?

Answer 28

exploratory, descriptive, explanatory

Question 29

What factors can influence the selection of a research trajectory?

Answer 29

ethics, time, money, social characteristics, available literature, ease of obtaining subjects, worldview-- all sorts of stuff

Question 30

When I select a research trajectory, which consideration is the most important?

Answer 30

The theoretical traditions they employ-- these will dictate all the following methods.

Question 31

Qualitative research uses large or small sample sizes?

Answer 31

small samples.

Question 32

What is the logic of a large sample?

Answer 32

generalizability

Question 33

what is the logic of a small sample?

Answer 33

in-depth understanding

Question 34

What is purposive sample?

Answer 34

Respondents are chosen to participate in a study base don their particular characteristics as determined by the specific goals of the research project.

Question 35

What is a sampling procedure?

Answer 35

The variety of sampling methods employed to collect data in any given research project.

Question 36

How many sampling procedures can be used in a quantitative study?

Answer 36

more than one, or many

Question 37

Sampling does or does not need to follow a logical plan?

Answer 37

Does not

Question 38

When the selection of informants in a sample depends on who is available and who is willing or able to answer questions, what is this called?

Answer 38

convenience sampling

Question 39

The process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects, codes, and analyzes his data and decides what to collect next and where to find them in order to develop theory as it emerges--- which sampling method?

Answer 39

Theoretical sampling

Question 40

Locating a sample based on personal networks is called what?

Answer 40

snowball sampling

Question 41

What is the point in sampling where no new information is gained?

Answer 41

Theoretical saturation

Question 42

What is step 4 of creating a research design?

Answer 42

Drawing a research sample

Question 43

What does the researcher need to do if the sample is unrepresentative?

Answer 43

Make the limitations known

Question 44

What is step 5 of creating a research design?

Answer 44

Determining the method of data collection

Question 45

What is step 6 of creating a research design?

Answer 45

Determine how to analyze and interpret the data

Question 46

What is step 7 of creating a research design?

Answer 46

Determine how the study will be written up

Question 47

What is step 8 of creating a research design?

Answer 47

Detail any issues of validity and any limitations

Question 48

What is validity?

Answer 48

Asks whether the measure reflects the reality it is supposed to measure. In qual. I refers to the knowledge being reflective of the social world and compelling

Question 49

What is the generalizability aimed for in qual research?

Answer 49

Analytic generalizability?