Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the most important source of knowledge in traditional societies?
Deference to authority
What are considered to be important sources of knowledge in modern society?
Experts with authority over a given field
Who coined the word positivism? When?
Auguste Comte in the 19th century
The goal of the rational method of enquiry is to overcome what?
What we deem to be common sense or intuition, which has immense biases
Is the positivist method entirely objective?
Not necessarily.
What does Valerie Janesick mean with her dance metaphor for qualitative research?
Dance is like Qual. research in that it is lived experience
Step 1 of the quantitative research process is:
defining the research problem
Step 2 of the quantitative research process is:
conducting a literature review
Step 3 of the quantitative research process is:
formulating a hypothesis
Step 4 of the quantitative research process is:
research design
Step 5 of the quantitative research process is:
instrumentation and sampling
Step 6 of the quantitative research process is:
Data collection
Step 7 of the quantitative research process is:
Data analysis
Step 8 of the quantitative research process is:
Generate conclusions
Step 9 of the quantitative research process is:
Revise hypotheses
How does the qualitative research process differ from the quantitative process?
It can incorporate different levels of objectivity, much more dynamism between the different steps, and a focus on theory generation, not hypothesis testing.
Which qualitative method involves high levels of hypothesis testing?
grounded theory
What is analytical induction?
An iterative form of qualitative, inductive method of data collection, analysis, and theory generation. As one collects data, one also interprets it and formulates a range of ideas to test out on additional data collected.
What is the form of the qualitative research process?
cyclical
What is step 1 of the qualitative research process?
Gather observations
What is step 2 of the qualitative research process?
Look for patterns in Data
What is step 3 of the qualitative research process?
formulate tentative ideas (hypothesis) to explore by gathering more data
What is step 4 of the qualitative research process?
Generation of theory
What is reflexivity?
A process where researchers engage in self-critical action that allows them to explore and critically evaluate how their own values attitudes, nd biases may enter into the research process. It is the awareness and tending to this type of researcher that serves to make the project more objective
What is step 1 of creating a research design?
reflect on your research standpoint before you begin
What is step 2 of creating a research design?
Maintain a right link between the research question and research design
What is step 3 of creating a research design?
Formulate a research question
What are the three kinds of research questions?
exploratory, descriptive, explanatory
What factors can influence the selection of a research trajectory?
ethics, time, money, social characteristics, available literature, ease of obtaining subjects, worldview– all sorts of stuff
When I select a research trajectory, which consideration is the most important?
The theoretical traditions they employ– these will dictate all the following methods.
Qualitative research uses large or small sample sizes?
small samples.
What is the logic of a large sample?
generalizability
what is the logic of a small sample?
in-depth understanding
What is purposive sample?
Respondents are chosen to participate in a study base don their particular characteristics as determined by the specific goals of the research project.
What is a sampling procedure?
The variety of sampling methods employed to collect data in any given research project.
How many sampling procedures can be used in a quantitative study?
more than one, or many
Sampling does or does not need to follow a logical plan?
Does not
When the selection of informants in a sample depends on who is available and who is willing or able to answer questions, what is this called?
convenience sampling
The process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects, codes, and analyzes his data and decides what to collect next and where to find them in order to develop theory as it emerges— which sampling method?
Theoretical sampling
Locating a sample based on personal networks is called what?
snowball sampling
What is the point in sampling where no new information is gained?
Theoretical saturation
What is step 4 of creating a research design?
Drawing a research sample
What does the researcher need to do if the sample is unrepresentative?
Make the limitations known
What is step 5 of creating a research design?
Determining the method of data collection
What is step 6 of creating a research design?
Determine how to analyze and interpret the data
What is step 7 of creating a research design?
Determine how the study will be written up
What is step 8 of creating a research design?
Detail any issues of validity and any limitations
What is validity?
Asks whether the measure reflects the reality it is supposed to measure. In qual. I refers to the knowledge being reflective of the social world and compelling
What is the generalizability aimed for in qual research?
Analytic generalizability?
