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Qualitative Research > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are interpretive approaches?

A

Focuses on subjects e experience, small-scale interactions, and understanding (seeking meaning)

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2
Q

What are some examples of interpretive approaches?

A

Symbolic interactionism, the Chicago school, dramaturgy, phenomenology, ethnomethodology

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3
Q

What are critical approaches?

A

Look at how power and hegemonic discourses shape experience and understanding.Values experience, understanding, and subjectivity but also critiques these categories.

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4
Q

What are some examples of critical approaches?

A

Postmodernism, post-structuralism, feminism, Critical race theory, queer theory.

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5
Q

The development of positivism comes from which discipline?

A

Natural sciences

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6
Q

The development of interpretive strands of research comes from which disciplinary context?

A

Each comes form a specific discipline

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7
Q

The development of critical strands of research comes from which disciplinary context?

A

interdisciplinary contexts

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8
Q

Which is the objective of critical theories?

A

Social justice

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9
Q

How do positivists frame their research questions?

A

as hypotheses that set up causal relationships between numerical variables (the higher X… the lower/higher Y)

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10
Q

Is subjectivity valued or devalued in positivist research?

A

devalued

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11
Q

Critical realists are apart of which research tradition?

A

positivism

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12
Q

What is the hermeneutic tradition?

A

seeking deep understanding by interpreting the meanings of interactions, actions, and objects

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13
Q

Which philosopher posited that “understand is inseparable from the human condition?”

A

Martin Heidegger

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14
Q

Heidegger is associated with which research tradition?

A

Interpretive strand

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15
Q

Which sociologists pioneered symbolic interactionism?

A

Charles Horton Cooley; George Herbert Mead

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16
Q

How does symbolic interactionism build on the interpretive strand of research?

A

Examines the interaction between individuals, small groups, or objects. Interaction is interpretive and that shared symbols communicate meaning- differently for each person or group. Social meanings are created and re-created

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17
Q

Which thinker developed Dramaturgy in 1959?

A

Erving Goffman

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18
Q

The question: “how do people interpret facial expressions?” is associated with which school of the interpretive approach?

A

symbolic interactionism

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19
Q

What is dramaturgy?

A

School that sees social reality as a process of performance. Often conceived in terms of front stage and back stage, while managing impressions seen by others.

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20
Q

The question: “how do people act in embarrassing situations?” is associated with which strand of the interpretive approach?

A

Dramaturgy

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21
Q

Phenomenology is associated with which philosophy

A

European philosophy of the early 1900s

22
Q

What were phenomenologists critical of?

A

The natural sciences for assuming an objective reality independent of individual consciousness.

23
Q

What do phenomenologists focus on?

A

Identifying how individuals experience events and situations.

24
Q

The question: How do individuals experience dying?” is associated with which strand of the interpretive approach?

A

Phenomenology

25
Q

Ethnomethodology was popularized by who?

A

Harold Garfinkel

26
Q

What is ethnomethodology’s focus?

A

On how people make sense of the world in which they live

27
Q

Ethnomethodology draws on which strand of interpretive research?

A

Phenomenology

28
Q

Dramaturgy might use which research techniques?

A

observational techniques

29
Q

Phenomenology might use which research techniques?

A

observations, in-depth interviews, or written accounts of experiences,

30
Q

The question: “How do people go about making sens of their everyday lives?” is associated with which interpretive strand?

A

Ethnomethodology

31
Q

What research techniques might ethnomethodologists use?

A

observation or interviews with people talking about their experiences

32
Q

What are the two strands within the critical umbrella?

A

Theory-oriented deconstruction and social activism

33
Q

What is an ethical epistemology

A

movements like feminism, CRT’ queer theory that have a social justice or activist component

34
Q

What do critical theorists seek to do with binary categories?

A

Challenge them

35
Q

What do critical theorists believe is the consequence of the traditional scientific process?

A

they fortify a status-quo oppressive to those in the periphery of the dominant ideology

36
Q

Critical theorists believe dominant knowledge is…

A

socially constructed

37
Q

To what end do critical theorists seek to subvert dominant knowledge?

A

To create room for counter hegemonic knowledge

38
Q

Postmodernism focuses on what?

A

The prominence of dominant ideology and the discourses of power that normalize it.

39
Q

What do postmodernists focus on?

A

Creating “truths” embedded in the historical realities that produce them

40
Q

What is post-structuralism?

A

A subversive process of breaking down unities and decentering the locus of research that challenges the dominant ideology.

41
Q

Post-structuralism is is concerned with what?

A

Creating transformational tension within the system that will change it.

42
Q

What is critical deconstruction?

A

Countering visible textual interpretations by revealing a subjugated or unconscious meaning.

43
Q

How did feminist perspectives develop?

A

out of the second wave of the women’s movement as a way to address the long-excluded experiences of women and girls

44
Q

In what way does feminist research differ fro positivists in the research process?

A

They place the researcher not “above,” but within the group studied.

45
Q

What is feminist standpoint epistemology?

A

Derived from Hegel and Marx. People have different visions of the world depending on their place in a hierarchical structured society. Therefore primarily focuses on the experience of women within these structures

46
Q

What is afrocentric feminist epistemology?

A

Epistemology that focuses on the “matrix of domination” experienced by black women

47
Q

What is intersectionality theory?

A

examines the interlocking nature of class, gender, sexuality, and nationality

48
Q

Where did critical race theory come from?

A

Evolved out of a multidisciplinary context from the intersection feminist, post-structural, legals studies, and civil rights movement.

49
Q

What does CRT do?

A

Investigate and transforms the hierarchical racial structures of society- race being socially and historically constructed categories

50
Q

What is Queer theory?

A

An interdisciplinary social justice-oriented perspective that seeks equality for the sexually marginalized

51
Q

What does queer theory try to do?

A

Problematize traditional notions of sexual identity and rejection of essentialist practices that erase differences between people

Qualitative Research (4 decks)

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